Energy restriction improves pattern separation regardless of method. (a) There is no significant difference between IER and CER in pattern separation and recognition memory performance, as measured by LDI and REC scores, respectively. However, the IER group had a significant reduction in REC score (P = 0.007), which was not observed in the CER group. (b) When the groups are treated as a single cohort, there is a significant increase in LDI score (P = 0.0005). Significance at P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. IER: intermittent energy restriction; CER: continuous energy restriction LDI: lure discrimination index; REC: recognition.