Table 3.
Associations between the SCFA levels and the nutrients, biological markers and the microbiota composition markers analyzed with mixed model adjusted for the point of time and the mean of age and gender.
| Independent Variables | Dependent Variables | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total SCFA (mmol/kg Wet Weight) |
Straight SCFA 1 (mmol/kg Wet Weight) |
Branched SCFA 2 (mmol/kg Wet Weight) |
||||
| B (95% CI) | p-Value | B (95% CI) | p-Value | B (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Nutritional variables | ||||||
| Energy total (KJ) 3 | 1.10 (0.14; 2.05) | 0.026 | 1.06 (0.18; 1.94) | 0.019 | 0.00 (−0.06; 0.08) | 0.803 |
| Total food intake (g) 3 | 1.55 (−0.16; 3.12) | 0.052 | 1.14 (−0.27; 2.85) | 0.054 | 0.07 (−0.5; 0.18) | 0.246 |
| Protein (g) | 0.16 (0.06; 0.26) | 0.002 | 0.15 (0.06; 0.24) | 0.002 | 0.00 (−0.00; 0.01) | 0.201 |
| Fat (g) | 0.13 (0.04; 0.21) | 0.004 | 0.12 (0.04;0.20) | 0.003 | 0.00 (−0.00; 0.01) | 0.635 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 0.01 (−0.01; 0.04) | 0.350 | 0.01 (−0.01; 0.04) | 0.299 | −0.00 (−0.00; 0.00) | 0.779 |
| Sugar (g) | −0.03 (−0.07; 0.02) | 0.305 | −0.02 (−0.07; 0.02) | 0.325 | −0.00 (−0.01; 0.00) | 0.379 |
| Starch (g) | 0.08 (0.01; 0.15) | 0.027 | 0.08 (0.01; 0.14) | 0.018 | 0.00 (−0.00; 0.01) | 0.960 |
| Fibre (g) | 0.23 (−0.08; 0.54) | 0.146 | 0.23 (−0.06; 0.51) | 0.120 | −0.00 (−0.02; 0.02) | 0.984 |
| NNS (units) 4 | −0.14 (−0.50; 0.23) | 0.460 | −0.11 (−0.45; 0.22) | 0.501 | −0.00 (−0.01; 0.01) | 0.620 |
| Blood biomarkers | ||||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.27 (−0.39; 0.92) | 0.426 | 0.25 (−0.35; 0.86) | 0.409 | 0.00 (−0.05; 0.05) | 0.977 |
| HbA1C (%) | −1.48 (−3.93; 0.97) | 0.234 | −1.45 (−3.70; 0.80) | 0203 | −0.01 (−0.18; 0.17) | 0.932 |
| Zonulin (ng/ml) | -0.02 (-0.12; 0.08) | 0.672 | −0.02 (−0.11; 0.07) | 0.669 | 0.00 (−0.01; 0.01) | 0.718 |
| Microbiota | ||||||
| Dysbiosis Index (score: 1 to 5) | 0.27 (−2.14; 2.69) | 0.822 | 0.19 (−2.04; 2.43) | 0.864 | 0.10 (−0.07; 0.27) | 0.237 |
| Firmicutes (score: -3 to 3) | −12.4 (−29.8; 4.9) | 0.159 | −11.2 (−27.2; 4.8) | 0.169 | −0.80 (−2.00; 0.40) | 0.190 |
| Bacteroidetes (score: -3 to 3) | −3.24 (−13.20; 6.72) | 0.521 | −2.63 (−11.82; 6.56) | 0.572 | −0.47 (−1.14; 0.21) | 0.173 |
1 The sum of acetic-, propionic-, and butyric- acids. 2 The sum of isobutyric-, isovaleric-, and isocaproic- acids. 3 The B-values with CI are given as x 10 -3.4 NNS: Non-nutritive sweeteners. One unit of NNS was 100 mL beverage with NNS or two tablets/teaspoons of NNS.