Table 5.
Association between dietary patterns in the year before pregnancy or vitamin supplementation and neonatal anthropometry at birth or gestational age (N = 1638) after multiple imputation: unadjusted and adjusted models.
| Dietary Patterns | Birth Weight z-score β (95% CI) * | Birth Length z-score β (95% CI) * | Head Circumference z-score β (95% CI) * | Gestational Age (Weeks) β (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted a | Unadjusted | Adjusted a | Unadjusted | Adjusted a | Unadjusted ** Adjusted **,a | |
| Varied and balanced | 0.05 [0.01; 0.09] | 0.03 [−0.01; 0.07] | 0.07 [0.03; 0.11] | 0.04 [−0.01; 0.08] | 0.03 [−0.002; 0.07] | 0.01 [−0.02; 0.05] | −0.06 [−0.13; 0.02] −0.05 [−0.12; 0.02] |
| Vegetarian tendency | 0.01 [−0.03; 0.06] | 0.01 [−0.04; 0.05] | 0.03 [−0.02; 0.08] | 0.01 [−0.04; 0.06] | 0.02 [−0.02; 0.06] | 0.01 [−0.03; 0.05] | 0.05 [−0.03; 0.13] 0.04 [−0.04; 0.12] |
| Bread and starchy food | 0.02 [−0.03; 0.07] | 0.02 [−0.03; 0.07] | −0.03 [−0.08; 0.02] | −0.02 [−0.07; 0.03] | −0.03 [−0.07; 0.02] | −0.03 [−0.08; 0.01] | 0.06 [−0.03; 0.15] 0.05 [−0.04; 0.14] |
| Vitamin supplementation | |||||||
| No | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) 0 (reference) |
| Before pregnancy | −0.09 [−0.26; 0.08] | −0.09 [−0.26; 0.08] | −0.15 [−0.34; 0.03] | −0.12 [−0.30; 0.05] | −0.08 [−0.23; 0.07] | −0.08 [−0.22; 0.07] | −0.30 [−0.60; −0.004] −0.33 [−0.63; −0.02] |
| During pregnancy | −0.06 [−0.17; 0.05] | −0.08 [−0.19; 0.03] | −0.07 [−0.19; 0.05] | −0.07 [−0.19; 0.04] | −0.04 [−0.14; 0.06] | −0.07 [−0.17; 0.03] | −0.08 [−0.27; 0.12] −0.11 [−0.30; 0.09] |
| Before and during pregnancy | 0.04 [−0.14; 0.22] | 0.07 [−0.11; 0.24] | 0.01 [−0.19; 0.19] | 0.03 [−0.15; 0.22] | −0.02 [−0.18; 0.13] | −0.04 [−0.20; 0.12] | −0.04 [−0.35; 0.27] −0.05 [−0.36; 0.27] |
a adjusted for center, maternal education level, maternal age, employment status, monthly household income, parity, smoking during pregnancy, body mass index, and vitamin supplementation. * Birth z-scores according to the French Audipog reference [35]. ** Gestational age: adjusted for infant sex. β values of linear regression and 95% CIs for 1 SD of dietary pattern score.