Table 1.
Summary of studies examining the longer-term effects of substituting fats low in palmitic acid (C16:0) or stearic acid (C18:0) sn-2 contents with fats high in C16:0 or C18:0 sn-2 contents, respectively.
| Fasted Lipids and lipoproteins |
High vs low C16:0 sn-2 |
High vs low C18:0 sn-2 |
Hematological markers | High vs low C16:0 sn-2 |
High vs low C18:0 sn-2 |
Other markers | High vs low C16:0 sn-2 |
High vs low C18:0 sn-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triacyl- glycerol |
0 ↓ 6 = 0 ↑ |
0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
FVIIa | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Glucose | 0 ↓ 3 = 0 ↑ |
0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
| Non-esterified fatty acids |
0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
NA | Fibrinogen | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
NA | Insulin | 0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
| Total cholesterol |
0 ↓ 6 = * 0 ↑ |
0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
PAI-1 | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
NA | C-peptide | 0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
NA |
| LDL- cholesterol |
0 ↓ 6 = * 0 ↑ |
0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
tPA | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
NA | C-reactive protein | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
NA |
| HDL- cholesterol |
0 ↓ 6 = 0 ↑ |
0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
vWF | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
NA | |||
| ApoB | 0 ↓ 3 = 0 ↑ |
NA | ||||||
| ApoA1 | 0 ↓ 3 = 0 ↑ |
NA | ||||||
| Lp[a] | 0 ↓ 3 = 0 ↑ |
NA |
Markers are significantly lower (↓), higher (↑) or not significantly different (=) after intake of fats high in C16:0 sn-2 or C18:0 sn-2 contents compared with fats low in C16:0 sn-2 or C18:0 sn-2 contents respectively. *=In men, total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were slightly increased (0.10 mmol/L and 0.08 mmol/L respectively) on the diet with higher C16:0 sn-2 [9]. Abbreviations: apo, apolipoprotein; FVIIa, activated factor VII; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Lp[a], lipoprotein (a); NA, not available; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; vWF, von Willebrand Factor.