Table 2.
Summary of studies examining the longer-term effects of substituting fats high in palmitic acid (C16:0) with fats high in stearic acid (C18:0).
| Fasted Lipids and lipoproteins |
C18:0 vs C16:0 |
Hematological markers | C18:0 vs C16:0 |
C18:0 vs C16:0 |
Other markers |
C18:0 vs C16:0 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triacyl- glycerol |
1 ↓ 10 = 0 ↑ |
FVIIc | 1 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Fibrinogen | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
CETP activity | 1 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
| Total cholesterol | 7 ↓ 4 = 0 ↑ |
Mean platelet volume | 1 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Plasminogen | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
LCAT activity | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
| VLDL- cholesterol |
0 ↓ 4 = 0 ↑ |
PAI-1 activity | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
White blood cells |
0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
Glucose | 0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
| LDL- cholesterol |
5 ↓ 5 = 0 ↑ |
PAI-1 antigen | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Red blood cells |
0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
Insulin | 0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
| HDL- cholesterol |
3 ↓ 7 = 0 ↑ |
tPA activity | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Hemoglobin | 0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
C-peptide | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
| ApoB | 1 ↓ 4 = 0 ↑ |
tPA antigen | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Platelets | 0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
Various inflammation markers | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
| ApoA1 | 2 ↓ 3 = 0 ↑ |
EFA | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Antithrombin III | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
||
| Lp[a] | 0 ↓ 1 = 1 ↑ |
Thrombomodulin | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
PTT | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
||
| Prothrombin time | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
APTT | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Markers are significantly lower (↓), higher (↑) or not significantly different (=) after intake of fats high in C18:0 compared with fats high in C16:0. Abbreviations: apo, apolipoprotein; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CETP, cholesteryl ester transfer protein; EFA, euglobulin fibrinolytic activity; FVIIc, Factor VII coagulant activity; LCAT, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Lp[a], lipoprotein (a); HDL, high-density lipoprotein; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator, VLDL, very-low density lipoprotein.