Table 4.
Summary of studies examining the postprandial effects of substituting fats high in palmitic acid (C16:0) with fats high in stearic acid (C18:0).
| Postprandial Lipids and lipoproteins |
C18:0 vs C16:0 |
Hematological markers | C18:0 vs C16:0 |
Other markers | C18:0 vs C16:0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triacylglycerol | 1 ↓ 4 = 0 ↑ |
FVIIa | 0 ↓ 3 = 0 ↑ |
Glucose | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
| Non-esterified fatty acids | 0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
FVIIc | 0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
Insulin | 0 ↓ 2 = 0 ↑ |
| Total cholesterol | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
PAI-1 antigen | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
GIP | 1 ↓ 0 = 0 ↑ |
| VLDL-cholesterol | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
tPA activity | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Peptide YY | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
| LDL-cholesterol | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Leptin | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
||
| HDL-cholesterol | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
CETP activity | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
||
| ApoB | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
LPL activity | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
||
| ApoA1 | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
IL-6 | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
||
| Lp[a] | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
TNF-α | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
||
| IL-1β | 0 ↓ 1 = 0 ↑ |
Markers are significantly lower (↓), higher (↑) or not significantly different (=) after intake of fats high in C18:0 compared with fats high in C16:0. Abbreviations: apo, apolipoprotein; CETP, cholesteryl ester transfer protein; FVIIa, activated factor VII; FVIIc, Factor VII coagulant activity; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IL, interleukin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Lp[a], lipoprotein (a); LPL, lipoprotein lipase; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; VLDL, very-low density lipoprotein.