Table 5.
Evidence supporting a role of dietary n-3 PUFAs during aging in animals.
| Ref. | Authors | Year | Animals | Treatment | Key Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [30] | Labrousse et al. | 2012 | 20-month-old C57BL/6J | Supplementation in EPA and DHA from 20 to 22 months (25 mg and 15 mg/d) | n-3 PUFA supplementation reduces hippocampal cytokine expression and astrocyte morphology and restores spatial memory deficits |
| [233] | Gamoh et al. | 2001 | 100-week-old Wistar rats | Supplementation in DHA (300 mg/kg/d) for 5 weeks | n-3 PUFA supplementation decreases the number of reference memory errors and working memory errors |
| [234] | Petursdottir et al. | 2008 | 10-month-old SAMP8 mice | Supplementation in EPA and DHA for 8 weeks (11.7% EPA and 14.3% DHA in the diet) | n-3 PUFA supplementation delays cognitive decline through n-3 PUFA incorporation into brain phospholipids |
| [235] | Bhattacharya et al. | 2007 | 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice | Supplementation with EPA and DHA (400–600 mg/d) for 8 weeks | n-3 PUFA supplementation decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) in peritoneal macrophages |
| [236] | Jia et al. | 2006 | 7-week-old B6C3F1 mice | Supplementation in EPA and DHA for 4 weeks (35 mg and 150 mg/d) | n-3 PUFA supplementation suppresses IL-6 transcription in macrophages in a model of nephropathy |
| [237] | Yaqoob and Calder | 1995 | High fat diet MF1 mice | Supplementation in EPA and DHA (120 mg and 50 mg/d) for 8 weeks | n-3 PUFA supplementation decreases macrophage TNF-α and IL-6 production |
| [238] | Sadeghi et al. | 1999 | Adult C57Bl/6 under high fat diet (20%) | Supplementation in EPA and DHA for 5 weeks (100 mg and 100mg/d) | n-3 PUFA supplementation decreases plasmatic TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β concentrations after LPS injection |
| [239] | Vreden et al. | 1995 | 5-week-old Brown Norway rats | Supplementation with 14% fish oil for 6 weeks | n-3 PUFA supplementation reduces IL-1β production in macrophages |
| [240] | Miguelez et al. | 2006 | Adult Sprague-Dawley rats | Supplementation in EPA and DHA for 6 weeks | n-3 supplementation decreases plasma IL-6 levels following an acute challenging dose of exogenous human IL-1β |
| [241] | Minogue et al. | 2007 | 22-month-old Wistar rats | Supplementation in EPA for 4 weeks (125mg/d) | EPA supplementation attenuates IL-1β and IFN-γ concentrations and reduces JNK expression in hippocampus, associated to a reduction in age- and Aβ-induced deficits in LTP |
DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; LTP: long term potentiation; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids.