Fig. 1.

LPS exposure induces inflammation and apoptosis in human placental explants. Placental explants were stimulated with different dosages of LPS. (A) TNF- α production increased in a concentration-dependent manner after 6 and 24 h (N = 3) exposure to LPS. ND = Not detected. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple comparisons test (B) Caspase 3/7 activity from placental explants (N = 3) is significantly increased after 24 h of 200 ng/ml LPS stimulation, two-way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple comparisons test. All bars represent mean with ±SD, * = p ≤ 0.05; ** = p ≤ 0.01, *** = p ≤ 0.001, **** = p ≤ 0.0001.