Table 1.
Sample characteristics (overall and by sarcopenia).
| Sarcopenia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | No | Yes | p-Value a | ||
| Sex | Female | 55.0 | 54.5 | 55.1 | <0.769 |
| Male | 45.0 | 45.5 | 44.9 | ||
| Age | Mean (SD) | 72.6 (11.5) | 71.4 (10.1) | 76.1 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| Education | Primary | 63.7 | 64.8 | 77.5 | <0.001 |
| Secondary | 29.9 | 28.9 | 19.2 | ||
| Tertiary | 6.4 | 6.2 | 3.4 | ||
| Wealth | Poorest | 21.7 | 19.8 | 32.1 | <0.001 |
| Poorer | 21.0 | 20.1 | 22.5 | ||
| Middle | 20.4 | 20.4 | 17.9 | ||
| Richer | 17.5 | 18.9 | 15.0 | ||
| Richest | 19.4 | 20.9 | 12.6 | ||
| Physical activity | High | 35.2 | 38.6 | 29.0 | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 25.2 | 26.1 | 25.6 | ||
| Low | 39.6 | 35.3 | 45.4 | ||
| Smoking | No | 70.7 | 68.9 | 69.9 | 0.705 |
| Yes | 29.3 | 31.1 | 30.1 | ||
| Alcohol consumption | No | 86.1 | 85.2 | 89.9 | 0.001 |
| Yes | 13.9 | 14.8 | 10.1 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | <18.5 | 19.3 | 20.1 | 20.2 | 0.061 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 46.4 | 47.3 | 45.1 | ||
| 25.0–29.9 | 23.9 | 23.7 | 21.8 | ||
| ≥30 | 10.4 | 9.0 | 12.9 | ||
| No. of chronic conditions | Mean (SD) | 2.4 (2.9) | 2.3 (2.9) | 2.6 (2.9) | <0.001 |
Abbreviation: SD—standard deviation; BMI—body mass index. Data are percentage unless otherwise stated. a p-value was calculated by Chi-squared tests for categorical variables and Student’s t-tests for continuous variables.