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. 2020 Mar 16;20(6):1649. doi: 10.3390/s20061649

Table 2.

Improved load classification rates by the parallel GA-embodied ANN, in this experiment, considering 2,505,000 feed-forward ANNs differing in their trainable weight coefficients.

Population Sizes
(the maximum number of generations: 500)
1000
(501,000 function evaluations)
2000
(1,002,000 function evaluations)
5000
(2,505,000 function evaluations)
the configured ANN evolved by the standard GA
Computation time 1 (mins) 336.52 745.65 4043.23
Averaged Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) 0.40 0.40 0.47
the configured ANN evolved by the parallel GA
Computation time (mins) 6.94 12.20 29.91
Averaged SSE 0.38 0.36 0.25
Load classification rates by the configured ANN evolved by the different types of GA considering the different sizes of population (%) Improvement in load classification rate (%)
Electrical appliance the configured ANN evolved by the standard GA
(population size: 1000)
the configured ANN evolved by the parallel GA
(population size: 5000)
electric rice cooker 74.06 83.75 +9.69
electric water boiler 79.17 94.69 +15.52
steamer 88.54 90.83 +2.29
TV 89.69 98.96 +9.27

1 The computation time increases exponentially. Meta-heuristically training/evolving the configured feed-forward ANN in a serial/sequential execution is extremely computationally intensive.