Table 2.

Comparison of efficacy and safety outcomes according to first pass effect in the ASTER trial

Outcomes	FPE (n=97)	Non-FPE (n=239)	RR (95% CI)*	P value*	RR (95% CI)†	P value†
Efficacy outcomes
∆ NIHSS at 24 hours, mean (95% CI)‡	7.6 (5.8 to 9.3)	4.0 (2.8 to 5.1)	3.6 (1.5 to 5.7)§	<0.001	3.5 (1.5 to 5.6)§	<0.001
Favorable outcome	56/93 (60.2)	100/229 (43.7)	1.38 (1.22 to 1.56)	<0.001	1.31 (1.18 to 1.45)	<0.001
Excellent outcome	41/93 (44.1)	84/229 (36.7)	1.18 (0.94 to 1.49)	0.14	1.11 (0.90 to 1.38)	0.32
90-Day mortality	12/93 (12.9)	50/229 (21.8)	0.58 (0.37 to 0.92)	0.019	0.56 (0.35 to 0.88)	0.011
Safety outcomes
Any ICH	38/96 (39.6)	120/234 (51.3)	0.77 (0.66 to 0.90)	<0.001	0.84 (0.71 to 1.00)	0.044
Parenchymal hematoma	7/96 (7.3)	45/234 (19.2)	0.38 (0.22 to 0.64)	<0.001	0.28 (0.13 to 0.56)	<0.001
sICH	5/96 (5.2)	14/234 (6.0)	0.87 (0.39 to 1.92)	0.74	0.82 (0.27 to 2.46)	0.72
Procedural complications	10/97 (10.3)	49/239 (20.5)	0.51 (0.26 to 0.99)	0.046	0.58 (0.32 to 1.04)	0.067

Values expressed as no/total no (%), unless otherwise stated

*Calculated using the non-FPE group as reference, after prespecified adjustment for center, first-line MT strategy and intravenous rtPA.

†Calculated using the non-FPE group as reference after adjustment for center, first-line MT strategy, intravenous rtPA, significant baseline differences (except clot length) and onset to groin puncture time.

‡Mean change (95% CI) adjusted on baseline NIHSS score, center, first-line MT strategy and intravenous rtPA.

§Adjusted mean difference (FPE vs non-FPE).

FPE, first pass effect; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; MT, mechanical thrombectomy; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; RR, risk ratio; rtPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; sICH, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.