Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and dementia incidence during the 8-year follow-up (n = 1550)
| Dementia status at the end of the follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No dementia (n = 1433) | Dementia (n = 117) | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | HR (95%CI)a | P valuea | |
| Sex, female | 905 (63.2) | 80 (68.4) | 1.08 (0.73–1.60) | 0.71 |
| Education level ≤ 5 years | 337 (23.5) | 33 (28.2) | 1.15 (0.76–1.75) | 0.50 |
| APOE4 e4 carrier | 235 (16.4) | 29 (24.8) | 1.87 (1.23–2.85) | 0.004 |
| Living alone | 591 (41.2) | 48 (41.0) | 0.71 (0.47–1.06) | 0.10 |
| Diabetes | 141 (9.8) | 17 (14.5) | 1.69 (1.01–2.85) | 0.05 |
| Hierarchical disability indicator | ||||
| Fully independent | 605 (42.2) | 34 (29.1) | 1 (Ref) | – |
| Mild disability | 643 (44.9) | 49 (41.9) | 1.16 (0.73–1.83) | 0.54 |
| Moderate to severe disability | 185 (12.9) | 34 (29.1) | 2.55 (1.47–4.40) | 0.001 |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||
| CES-D < 16 and no treatment | 1173 (81.9) | 80 (68.4) | 1 (Ref) | – |
| CES-D 16–22 and no treatment | 82 (5.7) | 9 (7.7) | 1.84 (0.92–3.68) | 0.08 |
| CES-D ≥ 23 or treatment | 178 (12.4) | 28 (23.9) | 2.15 (1.39–3.34) | 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular history** | 227 (15.8) | 28 (23.9) | 1.58 (1.02–2.44) | 0.04 |
| Fractures in the past 2 or 3 years | 155 (10.9) | 11 (9.4) | 0.75 (0.40–1.40) | 0.36 |
Notes: HR Hazard Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, center, sex, APOE genotype, and educational level