Table 1.
Characteristics of the included follow-up studies
| Study | Country | Design | Patient characteristics | Sample size | Mean age years |
Male % |
Diabetes % |
Cirrhosis % |
Validation of statin use | Follow-up durations years |
HCC validation | HCC cases | Variables adjusted | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsan 2012 [13] | China | RC | Adult patients with a first-time diagnosis of HBV infection | 33413 | 35.6 | 58.2 | 26.4 | 10.7 | Records of prescription for statins ≥28 cDDD | 9.8 | ICD-9 codes | 1021 | Age, sex, income, urbanization, diabetes, and liver cirrhosis | 9 (4, 2, 3) |
| Tsan 2013 [14] | China | RC | Adult patients with a first-time diagnosis of HCV infection | 260864 | 50.4 | 49.2 | 27.6 | 18.4 | Records of prescription for statins ≥28 cDDD | 10.7 | ICD-9 codes | 27883 | Age, sex, income, urbanization, diabetes, and liver cirrhosis | 9 (4, 2, 3) |
| Butt 2015 [15] | the US | RC | Adult patients with HCV infection | 7248 | 52.4 | 95.5 | 13.1 | 0 | Records of prescription for statins ≥28 cDDD | 10 | ICD-9 codes | 142 | Age, race, sex, development of cirrhosis, HCV RNA, BMI, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and alcohol abuse | 8 (3, 2, 3) |
| Hsiang 2015 [17] | China | RC | Adult patients with HBV infection | 53513 | 58.9 | 66.8 | 45.4 | 3.1 | Records of prescription for statins ≥28 cDDD | 4.6 | ICD-9 codes | 6883 | Age, sex, cirrhosis and complications, and diabetes | 8 (3, 2, 3) |
| Chen 2015 [16] | China | RC | Adult patients with HBV infection | 71847 | 41.5 | 57.8 | NR | NR | Records of prescription for statins ≥28 cDDD | 9 | ICD-9 codes | 1735 | Age, sex. CCI index, and using of other medications | 7 (2, 3, 2) |
| Mohanty 2016 [18] | the US | RC | Adult patients with HCV related compensated cirrhosis | 40512 | 56 | 98 | 34.1 | 100 | Records of prescription for statins ≥2 fills | 2.5 | ICD-9 codes | 173 | Age, race, sex, BMI, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and MELD Score | 7 (2, 3, 2) |
| Simon 2016 [23] | the US | RC | Adult patients with HCV infection without cirrhosis | 9135 | 52.9 | 95.7 | 17.1 | 0 | Records of prescription for statins ≥28 cDDD | 7.4 | ICD-9 codes | 239 | Age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol abuse, BMI, diabetes, and concurrent medications | 8 (3, 2, 3) |
| Chang 2017 [24] | China | RC | Adult patients with HBV or HCV related cirrhosis | 1350 | 57 | 73 | 74.5 | 100 | Records of prescription for statins ≥28 cDDD | 5.5 | ICD-9 codes | 111 | Age, sex, CCI index, diabetes, and concurrent medications | 7 (2, 3, 2) |
| Kim 2017 [19] | Korea | NCC | Adult patients with HBV or HCV infection | 1374 | 52.5 | 81.4 | 100 | 8.9 | Records of prescription for statins | 5 | ICD-10 codes | 229 | Age, sex, diabetic duration, CCI, and concurrent medications | 7 (2, 3, 2) |
| Simon 2019 [22] | Sweden | PC | Adult patients with HBV or HCV infection | 16668 | 47.4 | 65.5 | 30.5 | 10 | Records of prescription for statins ≥30 cDDD | 8 | ICD-10 codes | 616 | Age, sex, cirrhosis and complications, diabetes, and concurrent medications | 8 (3, 2, 3) |
| Kaplan 2019 [25] | the US | RC | Adult patients with HCV infection | 5455 | 64 | 97.6 | 70.8 | 100 | Records of prescription for statins | 8 | ICD-10 codes | 133 | Age, sex, CCI, diabetes, comorbidities, and concurrent medications | 7 (2, 3, 2) |
| Goh 2019 [20] | Korea | RC | Adult patients with HBV infection | 7713 | 47.3 | 66.2 | 11.4 | 24.1 | Records of prescription for statins ≥28 cDDD | 9.2 | ICD-10 codes | 702 | Age, sex, cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, HBV DNA level, antiviral treatment, and antiplatelet therapy | 9 (4, 2, 3) |
| Lee 2019 [21] | China | RC | Adult patients with HBV infection | 10615 | 58.8 | 72.4 | 29 | 17.1 | Records of prescription for statins ≥28 cDDD | 5 | ICD-10 codes | 721 | Age, sex, cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and concurrent medications | 8 (3, 2, 3) |
HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, NOS the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, RC retrospective cohort, PC prospective cohort, NCC nested case-control, HBV hepatitis B virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, cDDD cumulative defined daily dose, ICD International Classification of Diseases, BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, MELD model for end-stage liver disease