Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included study population
| Patient characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Total | 157 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 75.3 (70.8–80.8) |
| Male gender, n (%) | 103 (65.6) |
| Caucasian origin, n (%) | 138 (89.0) |
| Married/living together, n (%) | 94 (61.4) |
| Higher Educational level, n (%) | 48 (30.6) |
| Current smoking | 23 (15.0) |
| Alcohol consumption | 77 (50.3) |
| Disease specific | |
| eGFR at study enrolment, mean (SD) | 16.2 (4.4) |
| Δ eGFR (ml/min), mean (SD)a | 9.1 (8.0) |
| Primairy kidney disease | |
| Non-vascular cause, n (%) | 56 (35.7) |
| Vascular cause, n (%) | 99 (63.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 63 (40.1) |
| (history of) malignancy, n (%) | 47 (29.9) |
| History of vascular disease, (n%) | 74 (47.4) |
| Ankle-brachial index (right), mean (SD) | 0.96 (0.23) |
| Medication use | |
| Polypharmacy (the use of ≥5 medications), n (%) | 139 (89.7) |
| Glucose lowering medication, n (%) | 54 (34.4) |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 145 (92.4) |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 94 (60.3) |
| Cholesterol lowering drugs, n (%) | 112 (71.3) |
| Vitamin D supplement, n (%) | 131 (83.4) |
| Nutrition status | |
| Normal Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) score | 42 (49.4) |
| SNAQ score | |
| Malnourished | 8 (10.7) |
| Risk for malnutrition | 9 (12.0) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 27.4 (24.6–30.9) |
| Special diet, n (%) | 127 (83.0) |
| Geriatric assessment | |
| Frail according to FFI, n (%) | 37 (24.5) |
| Functional dependence by GARS-score, mean (IQR) | 26 (20.0–35.0) |
| Dependent in IADL function, n (%) | 8 (5.0) |
| Handgrip strength (kg), mean (SD) | |
| Females | 17.2 (6.3) |
| Males | 29.4 (8.1) |
| Walking speed, mean (SD) (m/s) | 1.13 (0.98) |
aΔ eGFR = difference between eGFR 3 years before and at study enrolment. Abbreviations: IQR Interquartile range, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, SNAQ Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, BMI Body mass index, FFI Fried Frailty Index, GARS-score Groningen Activity Restriction Score, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Data complete for; race (n = 155), level of education (n = 153), marital status (n = 153), smoking and alcohol consumption (n = 153), eGFR (n = 151), primary kidney disease unknow n = 2, polypharmacy (n = 155), diet (n = 153), SGA-score (n = 85), SNAQ = score (n = 75), Fried Frailty Index (n = 141), Handgrip strength (n = 152), walking speed (n = 145)