Table 3.
Associated characteristics of executive function
| Executive function | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best tertile N = 51 |
Middle tertile N = 52 |
Worst tertile N = 52 |
crude | model I | |
| Age, mean (SE) | 72.9 (0.8) | 76.3 (0.9) | 78.9 (0.9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001* |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.418 | 0.858* | |||
| Female | 18 (35.3%) | 14 (26.9%) | 22 (42.3%) | ||
| Male | 33 (64.7%) | 38 (73.1%) | 30 (57.7%) | ||
| Higher educational level, n (%) | 20 (39.2%) | 16 (30.8%) | 11 (21.2%) | 0.003 | 0.007* |
| eGFR, mean (SE) | 15.6 (0.6) | 16.5 (0.6) | 16.5 (0.7) | 0.246 | 0.177 |
| ΔeGFR, mean (SE) | 10.3 (1.5) | 8.0 (1.1) | 8.9 (1.1) | 0.567 | 0.962 |
| Urea, mean (SE) | 21.1 (0.8) | 21.9 (0.9) | 19.7 (0.8) | 0.100 | 0.053 |
| Phosphate, mean (SE) | 1.4 (0.04) | 1.3 (0.03) | 1.2 (0.04) | 0.064 | 0.160 |
| Calcium, mean (SE) | 2.4 (0.02) | 2.3 (0.02) | 2.4 (0.02) | 0.425 | 0.299 |
| Vascular vs non-vascular cause, n (%) | 0.574 | 0.566 | |||
| Vascular | 32 (64.0%) | 35 (67.3%) | 30 (58.8%) | ||
| Non-vascular | 18 (36.0%) | 17 (32.7%) | 21 (41.2%) | ||
| Ankle-Brachial index (right), mean (SE) | 0.99 (0.03) | 0.89 (0.04) | 1.02 (0.04) | 0.500 | 0.303 |
| Presence of diabetes, n (%) | 21 (41.2%) | 17 (32.7%) | 25 (48.0%) | 0.199 | 0.157 |
| History of vascular disease, n (%) | 16 (31.4%) | 28 (53.8%) | 28 (53.8%) | 0.012 | 0.089 |
| Polypharmacy (≥5), n (%) | 44 (88.0%) | 47 (90.4%) | 46 (90.2%) | 0.899 | 0.696 |
| Fried Frailty Index, mean (SE) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| IADL, mean (SE) | 1.6 (0.3) | 2.7 (0.4) | 5.0 (0.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Walking speed, mean (SE) | 1.2 (0.05) | 1.3 (0.2)) | 0.9 (0.04) | 0.089 | 0.101 |
| Handgrip strength, mean (SE) | 27.5 (1.5) | 25.9 (1.3) | 22.6 (1.2) | 0.003 | 0.020 |
Executive function assessed by the TMT-B. Tertiles of the TMT-B: best tertile mean 99.5 (SD 21.8) n = 51; middle tertile mean 162.8 (SD 21.3) n = 52; worst tertile mean 262.2 (SD 37.1) n = 52. Δ EGFR available for n = 42, n = 43, n = 43. Ankle-Brachial index available for n = 38, n = 42, n = 31. Walking speed available for n = 51, n = 47, n = 46. Model I: linear regression including adjustment for age, gender and educational level. *In model I age is only adjusted for gender and educational level; gender is only adjusted for age and educational level; educational level is only adjusted for age and gender