Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 10.
Published in final edited form as: Child Abuse Negl. 2019 Jul 16;96:104070. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104070

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) illustrating the causal diagram for the effect of child maltreatment on average excess BMI from adolescence to young adulthood.

Note: Arrows represent direct causal effects (i.e., the process determining the variable value at the end of an arrowhead is directly influenced by the status of the variable value at the arrow origin); Light gray ovals: Ancestor of exposure and outcome; Dark gray ovals: Ancestor of outcome; White ovals: Exposure (child maltreatment) and outcome (average excess BMI); Dotted borders: Latent (i.e., unobserved) variables; Bolded borders: Minimal sufficient adjustment set for estimating the total effect of ‘child maltreatment’ on ‘average excess BMI.’