Table 1. Representative Catalytic Performance for Complexes 2 and 7 in 1-Butene Isomerization under Flow Conditions^a.

entry	catalyst, mass (mg), moles	flowb (mL/min)	isobutene (%)c	time (h)	conversion (%)d	cis:trans 2-butened	WHSV (h–1)e	apparent specific activity (mol 2-but. mol cat–1 hr–1)f	kdg (h–1)
1	2 (6), 4.0 × 10–6	6.4	0	3	49–4	1.3:1 – 1:1	3.2	38.8–3.2	1.04
2	2 (6), 4.0 × 10–6	7.6	15	3	84–7	1.1:1 – 1.3:1	3.2	66.5–5.5	1.42
3	7 (6), 4.3 × 10–6	7.6	15	20	35–9	2.9:1 – 3.5:1	3.2	26.0–6.7	0.08
4	7 (15), 1.1 × 10–5	7.6	15	20	83–48	1.6:1 – 3.0:1	1.3	24.6–14.3	0.08
5	7 (15), 1.1 × 10–5	7.6	15	90	83–4	1.6:1 – 5.2:1	1.3	24.6–1.3	0.05
6	7 (15), 1.1 × 10–5	6.4	0	20	76–38	1:1 – 3.2:1	1.3	22.5–11.1	0.08

^a298 K, 1 atm, crushed microcrystalline samples. NBD-precatalyst 7 activated in situ with H₂ for 10 min, then N₂ flush.

^b1-Butene feed = 6.4 mL/min of a 2% mixture in N₂.

^c15% isobutene = 1.2 mL/min of a 2% mixture in N₂.

^d% Butenes determined by gas chromatography. Range is start and end values.

^eWHSV = weight hourly space velocity = mass 1-butene/(mass catalyst × time).

^fApparent specific activity = (moles 2-butenes)/(total moles cat. × time). Range is start and end activities.

^gk_d = [ln((1 – conv. end)/(conv. end)) – ln((1 – conv. start)/(conv. start))]/time, and assumes a first order deactivation mechanism.⁶