Figure 2.

(a) Hydrodynamic diameter of CCMV (black line with squares), c-CLPs (dashed orange line with circles), and c-CLP:CCMV complex (4:1 w/w; red line with circles). Measurements were performed in water. (b) EMSA gel images of CCMVs (50 mg L^–1) in the presence of colloidal and soluble lignin materials. Measurements were performed in 10 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.7). (c) Quantification of the EMSA results using ImageJ. Lines in c are only to guide the eye. Data point at 10 mg L^–1 of cationic lignin may be an outlier as indicated by the diffusion of the band at lower and higher fields compared to the main band.