Aids regeneration |
T10 forceps crush injury (mice) |
Inhibition of the glial scar by STAT3 knockout, TK/GCV, and diphtheria toxin-mediated astrocyte ablation |
Failed to result in spontaneous axonal regrowth |
Anderson et al. (2016) |
|
T8 forceps crush injury (mice) |
Selective ablation of the glial scar by the HSV-TK/GCV system |
Failed to improve spontaneous functional recovery |
Gu et al. (2019) |
|
C5 contusion (mice) |
Glial scar disruption by NG2 ablation |
Impaired forelimb locomotion |
Hesp et al. (2018) |
Restricts inflammatory and fibrotic cells |
L1/L2 forceps crush injury (mice) |
Selective deletion of STAT3 |
Increased the spread of inflammatory and fibrotic cells; increased neuronal loss |
Wanner et al. (2013) |
|
T10 aneurysm clip crush injury (mice) |
Conditional ablation of astrocytic BMPR1a |
Reduced astrocytic hypertrophy, increased inflammatory infiltration and reduced axon density |
Sahni et al. (2010) |
|
L1/L2 longitudinal stab injury and moderate crush injury |
Ablation of reactive astrocytes by the HSV-TK/GCV system |
Failure of blood-brain barrier repair, leukocyte infiltration, local tissue disruption, severe demyelination, neuronal and oligodendrocyte death and pronounced motor deficits |
Faulkner et al. (2004) |
Provides permissive bridges for axonal regeneration |
T8 forceps crush injury (mice) |
shRNA-mediated PTEN suppression |
Most axons regrew along the astrocytic bridge |
Zukor et al. (2013) |
Induces A1 astrocytes, which kill neurons and mature oligodendrocytes |
T10 weight-drop impact injury (rats) |
Notch signaling pathway blockage |
Suppresses A1 astrocyte transition |
Qian et al. (2019) |
|
T10 impactor contusion injury (rats) |
Intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells or their exosomes |
Decreased lesion area and improved motor function |
Wang L. et al. (2018) |
Inhibits axonal regeneration |
T10 impactor contusion injury (mice) |
Reduction in glial scar formation through the pharmacological blockade of astrocytic type I collagen interaction |
Improved axonal regeneration and functional recovery |
Hara et al. (2017) |
Produces CSPGs to inhibit spinal cord regeneration |
T10 impactor contusion injury (mice) |
Chondroitin sulphate N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase-1 gene knockout |
Improved recovery compared to that of chondroitinase ABC-treated mice and wild-type mice |
Takeuchi et al. (2013) |
|
T8 impactor contusion injury (rats) |
CSPG receptor blockade by a CSPG receptor PTPσ mimetic peptide |
Facilitated functional recovery |
Lang et al. (2015) |
|
C7 hemisection (rhesus monkeys) |
Intraparenchymal injections of chondroitinase |
Improved hand function |
Rosenzweig et al. (2019) |
|
C2 hemisection (rats) |
A combined chondroitinase ABC and intermittent hypoxia conditioning treatment |
Led to a rapid and robust respiratory and motor recovery |
Warren et al. (2018) |
|
T8 hemisection (rats) |
Decreasing CSPGs and fibrotic scarring by microtube stabilization |
Promoted axonal regeneration |
Hellal et al. (2011) |