Table 1.
Receptors | Ligands | References |
---|---|---|
FXR | CDCA > DCA > LCA > CA > UDCA | 11,12 |
Bile alcohols, 6α-ethyl-CDCA | 13,14 | |
5β-cholanoic acid, 5β-norcholanoic acid, 5α-cholanoic acid | 15 | |
TGR5 | LCA > DCA > CDCA > CA > UDCA | 16 |
TLCA | 17 | |
S1PR2 | Conjugated BAs (GCA, TCA, GDCA, TDCA, TUDCA) | 18 |
PXR | 3-keto-LCA, LCA, CDCA, DCA, CA | 19,20 |
7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one | 21 | |
VDR | LCA, 3-keto-LCA | 22 |
CAR | CA, 6-keto-LCA, 12-keto-LCA | 23,24 |
CHRM2 | TCA | 25 |
Note: Humans mainly make glycine conjugates of bile acids while mice make taurine conjugates.
Abbreviations: FXR, farnesoid X receptor; TGR5, Takeda G protein receptor 5; S1PR2, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2; PXR, pregnane X receptor; VDR, vitamin D receptor; CAR, constitutive androstane receptor; CHRM2, cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; CA, cholic acid; TLCA, taurolithocholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; GCA, glycocholic acid; TCA, taurocholic acid; GDCA, glycodeoxycholic acid; TDCA, taurodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid.