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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 10.
Published in final edited form as: Liver Res. 2018 Sep 23;2(4):180–185. doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.09.008

Table 1.

Bile acids and their derivatives as agonists for the listed receptors.

Receptors Ligands References
FXR CDCA > DCA > LCA > CA > UDCA 11,12
Bile alcohols, 6α-ethyl-CDCA 13,14
5β-cholanoic acid, 5β-norcholanoic acid, 5α-cholanoic acid 15
TGR5 LCA > DCA > CDCA > CA > UDCA 16
TLCA 17
S1PR2 Conjugated BAs (GCA, TCA, GDCA, TDCA, TUDCA) 18
PXR 3-keto-LCA, LCA, CDCA, DCA, CA 19,20
7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one 21
VDR LCA, 3-keto-LCA 22
CAR CA, 6-keto-LCA, 12-keto-LCA 23,24
CHRM2 TCA 25

Note: Humans mainly make glycine conjugates of bile acids while mice make taurine conjugates.

Abbreviations: FXR, farnesoid X receptor; TGR5, Takeda G protein receptor 5; S1PR2, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2; PXR, pregnane X receptor; VDR, vitamin D receptor; CAR, constitutive androstane receptor; CHRM2, cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; CA, cholic acid; TLCA, taurolithocholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; GCA, glycocholic acid; TCA, taurocholic acid; GDCA, glycodeoxycholic acid; TDCA, taurodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid.