Table 4.
Association Between Neighborhood Characteristics at Birth and Psychotic Experiences/Negative Symptoms With and Without Adjustment for PRS for Schizophrenia, Using Logistic Regression With Multiple Imputation Restricted to Children of White Ethnicity
| Negative Symptoms at Age 16 | Psychotic Experiences at Age 18 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted Model 2 OR (95%CI)a N = 10 283 |
Adjusted Model 3 OR (95%CI)b N = 10 283 |
Adjusted Model 2 OR (95% CI)a N = 10 283 |
Adjusted Model 3 OR (95% CI)b N = 10 283 |
|
| Population density | ||||
| 1 (least densely populated) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2 | 1.02 (0.80–1.31) | 1.03 (0.81–1.31) | 1.27 (0.91–1.76) | 1.26 (0.91–1.76) |
| 3 (most densely populated) | 0.94 (0.74–1.20) | 0.94 (0.74–1.19) | 1.59 (1.15–2.21)** | 1.59 (1.15–2.21)** |
| Neighborhood deprivation | ||||
| 1 (least deprived) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2 | 1.00 (0.75 – 1.32) | 1.00 (0.76–1.33) | 0.89 (0.65–1.23) | 0.90 (0.66–1.23) |
| 3 (most deprived) | 0.99 (0.73–1.35) | 0.98 (0.72–1.34) | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) |
| Inequality | ||||
| 1 (least inequality) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2 | 0.90 (0.69–1.17) | 0.90 (0.69–1.17) | 1.05 (0.80–1.39) | 1.06 (0.80–1.39) |
| 3 (most inequality) | 0.98 (0.77–1.28) | 0.98 (0.76–1.28) | 1.10 (0.81–1.48) | 1.10 (0.81–1.48) |
| Social fragmentation | ||||
| 1 (least fragmented) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2 | 1.18 (0.88–1.60) | 1.16 (0.86–1.58) | 1.28 (0.91–1.81) | 1.28 (0.91–1.81) |
| 3 (most fragmented) | 1.48 (1.08–2.01)* | 1.44 (1.06–1.97)* | 1.19 (0.83–1.70) | 1.18 (0.83–1.70) |
Note: aAdjusted for: child’s ethnicity; maternal age, education, marital status, social class, depression + all exposures (population density, deprivation, inequality, and social fragmentation) adjusted for each other.
bAdjusted for model 2 covariates + PRS for schizophrenia.
*P ≤ .05, **P ≤ .01, ***P ≤ .0001.