Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants
| Variable | SZ0W (n = 42) | SZ8W (n = 42) | HC (n = 38) | Analysisa | Analysisb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | t(df) | P | Effect Size | t(df) | P | Effect Size | |
| Age (years) | 24.86 ± 4.80 | 24.86 ± 4.80 | 24.76 ± 4.56 | 0.09 (78) | .929 | 0.0212 | |||
| Education (years) | 10.48 ± 2.84 | 10.48 ± 2.84 | 11.05 ± 2.91 | 0.90 (78) | .373 | 0.2125 | |||
| Duration of illness (month) | 8.38 ± 2.61 | 8.38 ± 2.61 | |||||||
| PANSS-T | 91.90 ± 11.23 | 67.24 ± 10.10 | 13.19 (41) | <.001 | 3.1990 | ||||
| PANSS-P | 25.60 ± 3.75 | 15.83 ± 3.28 | 14.58 (41) | <.001 | 3.5362 | ||||
| PANSS-N | 18.17 ± 5.21 | 17.07 ± 4.86 | 1.42 (41) | .163 | 0.3444 | ||||
| PANSS-G | 48.14 ± 6.47 | 34.33 ± 4.71 | 13.37 (41) | <.001 | 3.2427 | ||||
| Analysis c | |||||||||
| n | N | n | χ2(df) | P | Effect Size | ||||
| Gender (male/female) | 27/15 | 27/15 | 25/13 | 0.02 (1) | .888 | 0.03 | |||
| Alcohol use | 6 | 6 | 9 | 1.16 (1) | .282 | 0.58 | |||
| Tobacco use | 9 | 9 | 8 | 0.002 (1) | .967 | 0.02 | |||
| Family history of psychiatric illness | 15 | 15 | 0 | ||||||
Note: MRI data of 4 healthy controls and 3 SZ0W fMRI data were excluded due to the head motions, 4 patients failed to complete the follow-up MRI scans, and 3 patients at follow-up were not included due to head motions. Consequently, we collected fMRI data from 39 SZ0W, 34 SZ8W, and 34 HC. Symptom severity of all patients (n = 42) was evaluated both at baseline and follow-up with the 30-item Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). PANSS-T, PANSS total scores; PANSS-P, PANSS positive symptom scores; PANSS-N, PANSS negative symptom scores; PANSS-G, PANSS general psychopathological symptom scores; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; df, degree of freedom. Effect size was measured by Cohen’s d.
aSZ0W vs HC, 2-samples t-test.
bSZ8W vs SZ0W, paired-samples t-test.
cSZ0W vs HC, chi-square test.