TABLE 2.
Model comparisons for Differential Item Functioning (DIF) for gender across classes at a 3-latent class model for mathematics scale.
| Steps | Model | Model description | LL | npar | Comparison | LRTS | d.f | p-value |
| 1 | M1.0 | MIMIC: No DIF | −56743.05 | 49 | M1.0 vs. M1.1 | 188.58 | 45 | 0.001 |
| M1.1 | MIMIC: All DIF | −56648.76 | 94 | |||||
| 2 | M2.0.1 | Item1: No DIF | −8349.60 | 7 | M2.0.1 vs. M2.1.1 | 13.48 | 3 | 0.001 |
| M2.1.1 | Item1: N-U DIF | −8342.86 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.2 | Item2: No DIF | −8117.29 | 7 | M2.0.2 vs. M2.1.2 | 33.56 | 3 | Ns | |
| M2.1.2 | Item2: N-U DIF | −8100.51 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.3 | Item3: No DIF | −7776.14 | 7 | M2.0.3 vs. M2.1.3 | 2.64 | 3 | Ns | |
| M2.1.3 | Item3: N-U DIF | −7774.82 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.4 | Item4: No DIF | −8208.62 | 7 | M2.0.4 vs. M2.1.4 | 9.44 | 3 | Ns | |
| M2.1.4 | Item4: N-U DIF | −8203.90 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.5 | Item5: No DIF | −8310.93 | 7 | M2.0.5 vs. M2.1.5 | 8.84 | 3 | Ns | |
| M2.1.5 | Item5: N-U DIF | −8306.51 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.6 | Item6: No DIF | −8046.94 | 7 | M2.0.6 vs. M2.1.6 | 0.64 | 3 | Ns | |
| M2.1.6 | Item6: N-U DIF | −8046.62 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.7 | Item7: No DIF | −8189.82 | 7 | M2.0.7 vs. M2.1.7 | 2.88 | 3 | Ns | |
| M2.1.7 | Item7: N-U DIF | −8188.38 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.8 | Item8: No DIF | −8044.60 | 7 | M2.0.8 vs. M2.1.8 | 21.60 | 3 | 0.001 | |
| M2.1.8 | Item8: N-U DIF | −8033.80 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.9 | Item9: No DIF | −8312.74 | 7 | M2.0.9 vs. M2.1.9 | 19.52 | 3 | 0.002 | |
| M2.1.9 | Item9: N-U DIF | −8302.98 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.10 | Item10: No DIF | −8127.99 | 7 | M2.0.10 vs. M2.1.10 | 26.56 | 3 | 0.001 | |
| M2.1.10 | Item10: N-U DIF | −8114.71 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.11 | Item11: No DIF | −8171.41 | 7 | M2.0.11 vs. M2.1.11 | 7.38 | 3 | Ns | |
| M2.1.11 | Item11: N-U DIF | −8167.72 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.12 | Item12: No DIF | −8098.77 | 7 | M2.0.12 vs. M2.1.12 | 2.70 | 3 | Ns | |
| M2.1.12 | Item12: N-U DIF | −8097.42 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.13 | Item13: No DIF | −8171.10 | 7 | M2.0.13 vs. M2.1.13 | 13.94 | 3 | 0.003 | |
| M2.1.13 | Item13: N-U DIF | −8164.13 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.14 | Item14: No DIF | −7659.90 | 7 | M2.0.14 vs. M2.1.14 | 3.56 | 3 | ns | |
| M2.1.14 | Item14: N-U DIF | −7658.12 | 10 | |||||
| M2.0.15 | Item15: No DIF | −7490.77 | 7 | M2.0.15 vs. M2.1.15 | 13.46 | 3 | 0.004 | |
| M2.1.15 | Item15: N-U DIF | −7484.04 | 10 | |||||
| 3 | M3.0 | MIMIC with all N-U DIF items | −56677.56 | 70 | M1.0 vs. M3.0 | 130.98 | 21 | 0.001 |
| M3.0 vs. M.1.1 | 57.60 | 24 | 0.001 | |||||
| 4 | M4.1 | Item1 (U DIF) all other (N-U DIF) | −56681.62 | 68 | M4.1 vs. M3.0 | 8.12 | 2 | 0.017 |
| M4.2 | Item2 (U DIF) all other (N-U DIF) | −56679.80 | 68 | M4.2 vs. M3.0 | 4.48 | 2 | ns | |
| M4.3 | Item8 (U DIF) all other (N-U DIF) | −56684.85 | 68 | M4.3 vs. M3.0 | 14.58 | 2 | 0.001 | |
| M4.4. | Item9 (U DIF) all other (N-U DIF) | −56684.02 | 68 | M4.4 vs. M3.0 | 12.92 | 2 | 0.001 | |
| M4.5 | Item10 (U DIF) all other (N-U DIF) | −56680.97 | 68 | M4.5 vs. M3.0 | 6.82 | 2 | 0.033 | |
| M4.6 | Item13 (U DIF) all other (N-U DIF) | −56679.87 | 68 | M4.6 vs. M3.0 | 4.62 | 2 | ns | |
| M4.7. | Item15 (U DIF) all other (N-U DIF) | −56677.72 | 68 | M4.7 vs. M3.0 | 0.32 | 2 | ns |
LL, Model maximum log likelihood value; npar, number of free parameters; LRTS, likelihood ratio test statistic; d.f., degrees of freedom; MIMIC, Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause; U DIF = uniform DIF; N-U DIF, non-uniform DIF; p < 0.001.