Table 1. Approaches to mental health and substance misuse by service model.
| Included papers (N = 78) | Identification (N = 32) | In-house support (N = 57) | Referral-on (N = 39) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unstructured/ unspecified assessment (N = 14) | Structured assessment (not using validated measures) (N = 10) | Structured assessment (using validated standardised measures) (N = 5) | Immediate emotional support only at first contact (N = 2) | Follow-up care: counselling (N = 32) | Follow-up care: structured psychological interventions (N = 5) | Unspecified type of emotional support (N = 7) | No provision of emotional support (N = 2) | Signposting and referral (n = 32) | Referral on with active follow-up (n = 6) | |
| SARC (UK) N = 22 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 2 |
| SANE-SART (US) N = 11 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 |
| SA/DVCTC (Canada) N = 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| SARC/SAS (Australia) N = 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| SAC (New Zealand) N = 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| SAC (Nordic countries) N = 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| TCC (South Africa) N = 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| CAC N = 12 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| Other services N = 14 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 0 |
SARC = sexual assault referral centre; SANE-SART = sexual assault nurse examiner-sexual assault response team; SA/DVCTC = sexual assault/domestic violence care and treatment centre; SARC/SAS = sexual assault resource team/ sexual assault service; SAC = sexual assault centre; TCC = Thuthuzela care centre; CAC = child advocacy centre
*Note: We did not double count papers describing similar service provision within the same service. Specifically, we found 2 separate papers describing similar service provision in the SAC in St Olav’s Hospital in Oslo, Norway [65, 102], 4 separate papers describing similar provision in the Havens in London, UK [42, 67] [74, 95], 6 separate papers describing similar service provision in the St Mary’s SARC in Manchester, UK [20, 55, 59, 81, 83, 90], 2 separate papers describing similar service provision in a SARC in Perth, Australia [47, 50], 3 separate papers describing similar service provision in the Copenhagen sexual assault centre in Denmark [76, 96, 98]. ‘Other services’ included Child and Youth Protection Programs (CYPPs) in Canada, individual centres for sexual assault in Zambia, Israel, Hawaii, Kenya, US, Sierra Leone, Congo; a centre for sexual and family violence in the Netherlands; and sexual assault services in South Africa that did not operate as TCCs at the time of publication.