Table 5.
Summary of studies using CMRI in INOCA
| Author and Year | Sample | Population | Method | End-points/Outcomes | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panting et al. 2002 | 20 (16F, 4M) 10 controls | Cardiac syndrome X (typical angina, abnormal stress test, normal coronary angiogram) | 1.5T, adenosine stress, MPRI by semi-quantitative CMRI perfusion technique | MPRI in cardiac syndrome X vs. controls | N/A |
| Christiansen et al. 2006 | 23 (15F, 8M) | Chest pain, elevated troponin, minimal angiographic CAD | 1.5T, LGE | Relation between LGE and cardiac event (MI, HF, angina) | 4-28 months |
| Assomull et al. 2007 | 60 (17F, 43 M) | Troponin-positive chest pain and non-obstructive CAD | 1.5T, LGE, T2 | Diagnostic value of CMRI | 3months |
| Vermeltfoort et al. 2007 | 20 (15F, 5 M) | Cardiac Syndrome X (angina, abnormal stress test and/or reversible perfusion defect on myocardial SPECT, normal coronary angiogram) | 1.5T, adenosine stress, MPRI by semi-quantitative CMRI perfusion technique | MPRI in Cardiac Syndrome X | N/A |
| Lanza et al. 2008 | 18 (11F, 7 M) 10 controls | Cardiac Syndrome X (angina, ST segment depression on exercise stress test, normal coronary arteries by angiography) | 1.5T, adenosine stress, semi-quantitative CMRI perfusion technique | Relation between abnormalities in myocardial perfusion and coronary microvascular dysfunction | N/A |
| Doyle et al. 2010 | 100 women | INOCA (symptoms of myocardial ischemia, no obstructive CAD by coronary angiography) | 1.5T, dipyridamole stress, MPI by semi-quantitative CMRI perfusion technique | All-cause mortality, MI, and angina hospitalization | 34 ± 16 months |
| Ishimori et al. 2010 | 20 women, 10 controls | Women with SLE, anginal chest pain, no obstructive CAD | 1.5T, adenosine stress, MPRI by semi-quantitative CMRI perfusion technique | MPRI in INOCA vs. controls | N/A |
| Mehta et al. 2011 | 20 women | INOCA (angina, abnormal stress testing, no obstructive CAD on angiography) | 1.5T, adenosine stress, MPRI by semi-quantitative CMRI perfusion technique | Change in MPRI in ranolazine vs. placebo groups | 10 weeks |
| Karamitsos et al. 2012 | 18 women, 14 controls | Cardiac Syndrome X (chest pain, abnormal exercise treadmill test, normal coronary angiogram) | 3.0T, adenosine stress, absolute quantification of MBF, LGE | MBF, LGE in cardiac syndrome X vs. controls | N/A |
| Shufelt et al. 2013 | 53 women, 12 controls | INOCA (angina, abnormal stress testing, no obstructive CAD on angiography) and coronary microvascular dysfunction by invasive CRT | 1.5T, adenosine stress, MPRI by semi-quantitative CMRI perfusion technique | MPRI in INOCA vs. controls | N/A |
| Bairey Merz et al. 2016 | 128 women | symptoms, abnormal coronary reactivity testing, abnormal CMRI. | 1.5T, adenosine stress, MPRI by semi-quantitative CMRI perfusion technique | Change in MPRI in ranolazine vs. placebo groups | 2 weeks |
| Zorach et al. 2018 | 46 (34 F,12 M), 20 controls | INOCA (angina, no obstructive CAD on angiography) | 1.5T CMRI, regadenoson stress, MPR by quantitative CMRI perfusion, T1, LGE | Comparison MPR, MBF, T1 in INOCA vs. controls. Relationship between MPR and T1, LGE. | N/A |
INOCA, ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; CMRI, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; MPRI, myocardial perfusion reserve index; MBF, myocardial blood flow; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; MI, myocardial infarction; HF, heart failure; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.