Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics
| Obese Control, N = 21 | Obese PCOS, N = 37 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and History | |||
| Age, years | 14.5 ± 0.4 | 16.1 ± 0.3 | <0.01 |
| Ethnicity/Race (Caucasian; Hispanic; Black; Asian), % | 14%; 71%; 14%; 0% | 32%; 43%; 19%; 5% | 0.17 |
| Menarche age, years | 11.0 (10,13) | 11.5 (11,13) | 0.69 |
| Family history of T2D, % | 38% | 73% | <0.05 |
| Physical Characteristics | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 35 (30.7, 39.3) | 36 (32.9, 39.7) | 0.39 |
| BMI, percentile | 98.7 (97.8, 99.3) | 98.5 (97, 99) | 0.56 |
| BMI Z-score | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.06 | 0.53 |
| Waist:hip ratio | 0.88 ± 0.02 | 0.90 ± 0.009 | 0.28 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 118 (112, 132) | 124 (117, 135) | 0.11 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 68 ± 1.9 | 71 ± 1.3 | 0.34 |
| 7 day Dietary Intake Recall | |||
| Fat intake, % | 34 (28, 42) | 40 (36, 43) | 0.07 |
| Protein intake, % | 18 (16, 21) | 16 (15, 18) | 0.01 |
| Carbohydrate intake, % | 46 (41, 52) | 44 (40, 50) | 0.43 |
| Physical Activity | |||
| Activity from recall survey, METS | 52.9 ± 1.6 | 54 ± 1.4 | 0.59 |
| Laboratory Measurements | |||
| Free testosterone, ng/dL | 4.0 (2.8, 4.8)§ | 8.9 (7.1, 12) | <0.001 |
| Total testosterone, ng/dL | 20 (19, 24) | 43 (33, 51) | <0.001 |
| SHBG, mmol/L | 22 (16, 39.5)§ | 19 (12, 26) | 0.36 |
| Estradiol, pg/mL | 43 (42, 68)§ | 55 (45, 84) | 0.69 |
| Progesterone, ng/dL | 0.8 (0.5, 0.9)§ | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.27 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 128 (114,148) | 140 (131, 168) | <0.01 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 35 (31, 50) | 36 (31, 44) | 0.66 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 85 (75, 108) | 108 (92, 123) | <0.01 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 105 (83, 121) | 112 (96,145) | 0.12 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 90 ± 2 | 89 ± 2‡ | 0.82 |
| Fasting insulin, µU/mL | 14 (9, 21.5) | 23 (18, 39)‡ | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.1 (2, 6) | 4.5 (3, 9)‡ | 0.15 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.2 ± 0.1§ | 5.5 ± 0.1 | <0.05 |
| C-peptide, ng/mL | 2.0 ± 0.2§ | 2.6 ± 0.2‡ | 0.14 |
| ALT, IU/mL | 25 (16, 36) | 34 (30, 44) | <0.001 |
| WBC, 109 cells/L | 7.4 ± 0.8§ | 8.0 ± 0.3 | 0.32 |
| Platelets, 108 cells/L | 328 (268, 373)§ | 317 (293, 352) | 0.83 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dL | 4.8 (0.7, 6.9)§ | 3.6 (1.2, 6.9) | 0.72 |
| Adiponectin, ng/mL | 7.3 (4.3, 10.8)§ | 6.2 (4.3, 7.5) | 0.62 |
Values are mean ± standard error of the mean, or median (25%, 75 %). Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1C; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; METS, metabolic equivalents; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; %RA, percent relative abundance; SHBG, sex hormone–binding globulin; T2D, type 2 diabetes; WBC, white blood cells.
§N = 7 for the control group. ‡N = 25 for the PCOS group.