TABLE 1.
Annual Rates of Rotavirus-Coded and Diarrhea-Associated Health Care Utilization Among Children < 5 Years of Age Before and After Rotavirus-Vaccine Introduction by Age Group and Health Care Setting, 2001 to 2015
| Coverage* | Rotavirus-coded Hospitalizations | Diarrhea-associated Hospitalizations | Diarrhea-associated ED Visits | Diarrhea-associated Outpatient Visits |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RV5† | RV1‡ | Rate, n/10,000 PY | Rate Reduction (95% CI), % | Rate, n/10,000 PY | Rate Reduction (95% CI), % | Rate, n/10,000 PY | Rate Reduction (95% CI), % | Rate, n/10,000 PY | Rate Reduction (95% CI), % | |
| < 1 year old | ||||||||||
| 2001–2006§ | NA | NA | 16 | Ref. | 65 | Ref. | 212 | Ref. | 1713 | Ref. |
| 2007–2008 | 64 | NA | 3 | 81 (77–84) | 50 | 24 (20–27) | 204 | 4 (1–6) | 1608 | 6 (5–7) |
| 2008–2009 | 73 | NA | 4 | 78 (74–81) | 45 | 30 (27–34) | 185 | 13 (11–15) | 1499 | 13 (12–13) |
| 2009–2010 | 64 | 12 | 1 | 95 (93–96) | 34 | 47 (45–50) | 131 | 38 (37–40) | 1197 | 30 (30–31) |
| 2010–2011 | 68 | 10 | 2 | 88 (85–90) | 36 | 45 (43–48) | 140 | 34 (32–36) | 1211 | 29 (29–30) |
| 2011–2012 | 67 | 15 | 0 | 98 (96–98) | 31 | 52 (49–54) | 133 | 37 (36–39) | 1158 | 32 (32–33) |
| 2012–2013 | 70 | 15 | 1 | 91 (89–93) | 34 | 48 (45–51) | 151 | 29 (27–31) | 1192 | 30 (30–31) |
| 2013–2014 | 72 | 16 | 1 | 97 (95–98) | 28 | 57 (54–59) | 148 | 30 (29–32) | 1196 | 30 (30–31) |
| 2014–2015 | 72 | 16 | 1 | 93 (91–95) | 27 | 58 (55–61) | 140 | 34 (32–36) | 1135 | 34 (33–34) |
| 1 year old | ||||||||||
| 2001–2006§ | NA | NA | 33 | Ref. | 96 | Ref. | 324 | Ref | 2376 | Ref |
| 2007–2008 | 23 | NA | 9 | 72 (69–76) | 56 | 41 (38–44) | 282 | 13 (11–15) | 2265 | 5 (4–6) |
| 2008–2009 | 64 | NA | 9 | 74 (71–77) | 60 | 38 (35–41) | 298 | 8 (6–10) | 2355 | 1 (0–2) |
| 2009–2010 | 72 | 1 | 1 | 96 (95–97) | 35 | 64 (62–66) | 198 | 39 (37–40) | 1825 | 23 (23–24) |
| 2010–2011 | 64 | 12 | 4 | 87 (85–89) | 39 | 59 (57–61) | 220 | 32 (30–34) | 1933 | 19 (18–19) |
| 2011–2012 | 68 | 10 | 1 | 98 (97–99) | 28 | 71 (69–72) | 184 | 43 (42–45) | 1743 | 27 (26–27) |
| 2012–2013 | 67 | 15 | 3 | 91 (89–92) | 34 | 64 (62–66) | 245 | 24 (23–26) | 1943 | 18 (18–19) |
| 2013–2014 | 71 | 15 | 0 | 99 (98–99) | 23 | 76 (75–78) | 197 | 39 (37–41) | 1711 | 28 (27–29) |
| 2014–2015 | 70 | 16 | 2 | 94 (92–95) | 30 | 69 (67–71) | 245 | 24 (22–26) | 1847 | 22 (22–23) |
| 2–4 years old | ||||||||||
| 2001–2006§ | NA | NA | 8 | Ref. | 32 | Ref. | 130 | Ref | 871 | Ref. |
| 2007–2008 | 0 | NA | 2 | 72 (67–76) | 21 | 34 (31–37) | 119 | 9 (7–11) | 871 | 0 (−1 to 1) |
| 2008–2009 | 8 | NA | 6 | 26 (19–32) | 29 | 9(5–13) | 155 | −19 (−21 to −17) | 984 | −13 (−14 to −12) |
| 2009–2010 | 29 | 0 | 1 | 89 (87–91) | 17 | 49 (46–51) | 105 | 19 (17–21) | 795 | 9 (8–9) |
| 2010–2011 | 53 | 0 | 3 | 63 (59–67) | 20 | 37 (35–40) | 124 | 5 (3–7) | 865 | 1 (0–1) |
| 2011–2012 | 62 | 5 | 0 | 96 (95–97) | 14 | 57 (55–59) | 95 | 27 (25–28) | 735 | 16 (15–16) |
| 2012–2013 | 67 | 8 | 1 | 80 (77–83) | 17 | 47 (44–49) | 135 | −4 (−6 to −2) | 860 | 1 (0–2) |
| 2013–2014 | 68 | 11 | 0 | 97 (96–98) | 13 | 61 (59–63) | 105 | 19 (18–21) | 732 | 16 (15–17) |
| 2014–2015 | 68 | 14 | 1 | 89 (86–91) | 13 | 59 (57–61) | 127 | 2 (0–4) | 823 | 5 (5–6) |
| < 5 years old | ||||||||||
| 2001–2006§ | NA | NA | 14 | Ref. | 52 | Ref. | 185 | Ref | 1348 | Ref. |
| 2007–2008 | 17 | NA | 4 | 75 (72–77) | 35 | 33 (31–35) | 169 | 9 (7–10) | 1303 | 3 (3–4) |
| 2008–2009 | 32 | NA | 6 | 60 (58–63) | 39 | 25 (23–27) | 188 | −2 (−3 to 0) | 1360 | −1 (−1 to 0) |
| 2009–2010 | 45 | 3 | 1 | 94 (93–95) | 24 | 54 (52–55) | 128 | 31 (30–32) | 1079 | 20 (20–20) |
| 2010–2011 | 58 | 5 | 3 | 80 (78–81) | 27 | 47 (46–49) | 145 | 22 (21–23) | 1139 | 16 (15–16) |
| 2011–2012 | 64 | 8 | 0 | 97 (97–98) | 21 | 60 (59–61) | 120 | 35 (34–36) | 1015 | 25 (24–25) |
| 2012–2013 | 67 | 11 | 2 | 88 (86–89) | 24 | 53 (52–54) | 158 | 15 (13–16) | 1134 | 16 (16–16) |
| 2013–2014 | 69 | 13 | 0 | 98 (97–98) | 18 | 65 (63–66) | 132 | 29 (28–30) | 1021 | 24 (24–25) |
| 2014–2015 | 69 | 15 | 1 | 92 (91–93) | 20 | 62 (61–63) | 151 | 18 (17–19) | 1085 | 20 (19–20) |
CI, confidence interval; ED, emergency department; NA not applicable; PY, person-year; Ref., reference group.
Some states (Alaska, Connecticut, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming) with RV vaccines through a state-sponsored childhood vaccine program were excluded from the coverage evaluation.
Coverage was defined as receipt of at least 1 dose of RV5 by December 31, 2007; December 31, 2008; December 31, 2009; December 31, 2010; December 31, 2011; December 31, 2012; December 31, 2013; December 31, 2014, in children who had been in the database since birth and for at least 3 months continuously enrolled. Coverage for children < 1 year of age was restricted to those who were eligible for vaccination (i.e., children 3–11 months).
Coverage was defined as receipt of at least 1 dose of RV1 by December 31, 2009; December 31, 2010; December 31, 2011; December 31, 2012; December 31, 2013: December 31, 2014, in children with the same criteria as defined for RV5 coverage. Because RV1 was not introduced until April 2008, coverage of RV1 begins with the first full season starting 2009.
For 2001 to 2006, the average annual rate for the time period is shown.