Table 3. Risk of various clinical events in those with possible and probable HF compared with controls.
| Controls | Possible HF* | Probable HF† | p-value‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Definite HF | ||||
| Event Proportion, no. of events /no. at risk, (%) § | 162/1112 (15) | 28/135 (21) | 51/121 (42) | N/A |
| Age-and-sex-adjusted Hazards Ratio (CI) | 1.00 REFERENT | 6.21 (3.74–10.32) | 9.31 (6.17–14.05) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted Hazards Ratio (CI) || | 1.00 REFERENT | 4.74 (2.74–8.21) | 7.10 (4.52–11.13) | <0.0001 |
| B. CHD | ||||
| Event Proportion, no. of events /no. at risk, (%) § | 135/1112 (12) | 20/135 (15) | 16/121 (13) | N/A |
| Age-and-sex-adjusted Hazards Ratio (CI) | 1.00 REFERENT | 3.79 (2.19–6.56) | 1.86 (1.07–3.23) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted Hazards Ratio (CI) || | 1.00 REFERENT | 3.06 (1.66–5.64) | 1.35 (0.71–2.56) | 0.0039 |
| C. Other CVD | ||||
| Event Proportion, no. of events /no. at risk, (%) § | 190/1112 (17) | 18/135 (13) | 19/121 (16) | N/A |
| Age-and-sex-adjusted Hazards Ratio (CI) | 1.00 REFERENT | 1.94 (1.11–3.39) | 1.78 (1.07–2.97) | 0.0019 |
| Multivariable-adjusted Hazards Ratio (CI) || | 1.00 REFERENT | 1.85 (1.02–3.33) | 1.61 (0.93–2.76) | 0.0126 |
| D. Death | ||||
| Event Proportion, no. of events /no. at risk, (%) § | 697/1112 (63) | 122/135 (90) | 106/121 (88) | N/A |
| Age-and-sex-adjusted Hazards Ratio (CI) | 1.00 REFERENT | 5.17 (4.04–6.60) | 3.34 (2.64–4.24) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted Hazards Ratio (CI) || | 1.00 REFERENT | 5.14 (3.92–6.75) | 3.38 (2.58–4.43) | <0.0001 |
* Meet HF criteria but have an alternative explanation for findings.
† Do not meet full criteria for definite HF.
‡ p-value for whether either pre-HF category as a whole predicts time to the outcome
§ Event proportions are based on overall sample.
|| Model adjusted for age, sex, SBP, antihypertensive medications, current smoking, prevalent CHD, and body mass index.
HF = heart failure; CHD = coronary heart disease; CVD = cardiovascular disease.