Table 1.
Woman, clinic, woman’s residence and state-level sample characteristics of visits with contraception provision.
| Overall | Expansion | Non-expansion | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of encounters | 162,666 | 155,482 | 7,184 | ||||||
| Pre-ACA | Post- ACA |
p | Pre-ACA | Post-ACA | p | Pre-ACA | Post-ACA | p | |
| 80,806 (49.70) | 81,860 (50.32) | 77,233 (49.67) | 78,249 (50.33) | 3,573 (49.74) | 3,611 (50.26) | ||||
| Woman-level characteristics | |||||||||
| Age (at encounter) | |||||||||
| 10 to 14 | 1,886 (2.33) | 1,677 (2.05) | 1,772 (2.29) | 1,562 (2.00) | 114 (3.19) | 115 (3.18) | |||
| 15 to 19 | 21,007 (26) | 19,416 (23.72) | 20,117 (26.05) | 18,449 (23.58) | 890 (24.91) | 967 (26.78) | |||
| 20 to 24 | 17,760 (21.98) | 17,404 (21.26) | 16,784 (21.73) | 16,463 (21.04) | 976 (27.32) | 941 (26.06) | |||
| 25 to 29 | 15,830 (19.59) | 16,211 (19.8) | 15,116 (19.57) | 15,484 (19.79) | 714 (19.98) | 727 (20.13) | |||
| 30 to 34 | 11,195 (13.85) | 12,366 (15.11) | 10,775 (13.95) | 11,944 (15.26) | 420 (11.75) | 422 (11.69) | |||
| 35 to 39 | 6,926 (8.57) | 8,003 (9.78) | 6,705 (8.68) | 7,771 (9.93) | 221 (6.19) | 232 (6.42) | |||
| 40 to 44 | 4,084 (5.05) | 4,542 (5.55) | 3,939 (5.1) | 4,407 (5.63) | 145 (4.06) | 135 (3.74) | |||
| 45 to 49 | 2,118 (2.62) | 2,241 (2.74) | <0.001 | 2,025 (2.62) | 2,169 (2.77) | <0.001 | 93 (2.6) | 72 (1.99) | 0.423 |
| Federal Poverty Level (FPL) category | |||||||||
| <100% | 50,060 (61.95) | 50,489 (61.68) | 47,993 (62.14) | 48,268 (61.69) | 2,067 (57.85) | 2,221 (61.51) | |||
| 101-150% | 11,765 (14.56) | 11,867 (14.5) | 11,306 (14.64) | 11,436 (14.61) | 459 (12.85) | 431 (11.94) | |||
| 151-200% | 4,747 (5.87) | 4,795 (5.86) | 4,480 (5.8) | 4,530 (5.79) | 267 (7.47) | 265 (7.34) | |||
| Over 200% | 6,741 (8.34) | 6,950 (8.49) | 6,351 (8.22) | 6,573 (8.4) | 390 (10.92) | 377 (10.44) | |||
| Missing/unknown | 7,493 (9.27) | 7,759 (9.48) | 0.476 | 7,103 (9.2) | 7,442 (9.51) | 0.142 | 390 (10.92) | 317 (8.78) | 0.007 |
| Need for an interpreter | 12,363 (15.3) | 13,360 (16.32) | <0.001 | 12,292 (15.92) | 13,262 (16.95) | <0.001 | 71 (1.99) | 98 (2.71) | 0.042 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| Hispanic | 25,139 (31.11) | 27,434 (33.51) | 24,933 (32.28) | 27,211 (34.77) | 206 (5.77) | 223 (6.18) | |||
| non-Hispanic White | 41,144 (50.92) | 40,161 (49.06) | 39,373 (50.98) | 38,449 (49.14) | 1,771 (49.57) | 1,712 (47.41) | |||
| non-Hispanic Black | 10,319 (12.77) | 9,845 (12.03) | 8,855 (11.47) | 8,321 (10.63) | 1,464 (40.97) | 1,524 (42.2) | |||
| non-Hispanic Other | 3,042 (3.76) | 3,139 (3.83) | 2,934 (3.8) | 3,016 (3.85) | 108 (3.02) | 123 (3.41) | |||
| Missing/unknown | 1,162 (1.44) | 1,281 (1.56) | <0.001 | 1,138 (1.47) | 1,252 (1.6) | <0.001 | 24 (0.67) | 29 (0.8) | 0.390 |
| Visit to a women's health care provider | 7,037 (8.71) | 6,623 (8.09) | <0.001 | 7,037 (9.11) | 6,613 (8.45) | <0.001 | 0 (0) | 10 (0.28) | 0.002 |
| Clinic-level characteristics | |||||||||
| Visit to a Title X clinic | 24,863 (30.77) | 22,178 (27.09) | <0.001 | 24,541 (31.78) | 21,835 (27.9) | <0.001 | 322 (9.01) | 343 (9.5) | 0.477 |
| Rural clinic location | 2,893 (3.58) | 2,832 (3.46) | 0.187 | 2,753 (3.56) | 2,722 (3.48) | 0.358 | 140 (3.92) | 110 (3.05) | 0.044 |
| Woman’s county level characteristics | |||||||||
| % < 200% Federal Poverty Level in census tract | |||||||||
| < 30 | 11,767 (14.56) | 12,291 (15.01) | 11,394 (14.75) | 11,919 (15.23) | 373 (10.44) | 372 (10.3) | |||
| ≥30 and < 40 | 40,127 (49.66) | 37,383 (45.67) | 38,665 (50.06) | 35,992 (46) | 1,462 (40.92) | 1,391 (38.52) | |||
| ≥ 40 | 28,742 (35.57) | 31,868 (38.93) | 27,007 (34.97) | 30,041 (38.39) | 1,735 (48.56) | 1,827 (50.6) | |||
| Missing/unknown | 170 (0.21) | 318 (0.39) | <0.001 | 167 (0.22) | 297 (0.38) | <0.001 | 3 (0.08) | 21 (0.58) | 0.001 |
| Number of Planned Parenthood clinics in county | |||||||||
| 0 | 23,369 (28.92) | 24,654 (30.12) | 21,111 (27.33) | 22,367 (28.58) | 2,258 (63.2) | 2,287 (63.33) | |||
| ≥ 1 | 57,437 (71.08) | 57,206 (69.88) | <0.001 | 56,122 (72.67) | 55,882 (71.42) | <0.001 | 1,315 (36.8) | 1,324 (36.67) | 0.903 |
| State-level characteristics | |||||||||
| State family planning program | 65,981 (81.65) | 67,487 (82.44) | <0.001 | 64,723 (83.8) | 66,266 (84.69) | <0.001 | 1,258 (35.21) | 1,221 (33.81) | 0.214 |
| Maximum FPL for 2013 adult Medicaid eligibility | |||||||||
| < 50% | 46,309 (57.31) | 2,089 (2.55) | 44,295 (57.35) | 0 (0) | 2,014 (56.37) | 2,089 (57.85) | |||
| 50 - 138% | 32,102 (39.73) | 2,928 (3.58) | 30,543 (39.55) | 1,406 (1.8) | 1,559 (43.63) | 1,522 (42.15) | |||
| ≥ 138% | 2,395 (2.96) | 76,843 (93.87) | <0.001 | 2,395 (3.1) | 76,843 (98.2) | <0.001 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.204 |