. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2020 Jan 23;88(5):389–401. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000487

Table 5.

Generalized mixed-effects hurdle models: Concurrent and prospective associations between stress and substance use

		AUDIT		CUDIT
Predictor	Level	Any Alcohol Use (OR)^a	Alcohol Use Problems (RR)^b	Any Marijuana Use (OR)^a	Marijuana Use Problems (RR)^b
Internalized stigma	Within Concurrent	1.16 [1.03, 1.31]	1.03 [.88, 1.20]	1.31 [.96, 1.79]	.91 [.82, 1.01]
	Within Prospective	1.11 [.97, 1.26]	.98 [.93, 1.04]	.95 [.53, 1.71]	.96 [.82, 1.13]
	Between	1.51 [1.19, 1.91]	1.32 [1.12, 1.56]	1.07 [.96, 1.21]	1.08 [.91, 1.28]
Microaggressions	Within Concurrent	1.58 [1.11, 2.24]	.98 [.85, 1.13]	1.08 [1.02, 1.15]	.96 [.91, 1.01]
	Within Prospective	.90 [.70, 1.17]	.82 [.45, 1.48]	1.67 [.59, 4.71]	.94 [.83, 1.07]
	Between	1.63 [1.24, 2.16]	1.28 [1.07, 1.55]	2.22 [1.73, 2.86]	1.27 [1.09, 1.47]
Victimization	Within Concurrent	.92 [.72, 1.18]	1.31 [1.06, 1.63]	1.11 [.99, 1.24]	1.22 [1.18, 1.26]
	Within Prospective	1.12 [.40, 3.19]	.76 [.54, 1.07]	.76 [.60, 1.04]	1.38 [.54, 3.49]
	Between	1.53 [.94, 2.46]	1.73 [1.29, 2.32]	2.70 [1.67, 4.36]	1.40 [1.13, 1.74]
General Stress	Within Concurrent	1.04 [1.03, 1.05]	1.00 [.98, 1.02]	1.03 [1.00, 1.06]	1.01 [1.00, 1.02]
	Within Prospective	1.00 [.92, 1.08]	1.00 [.97, 1.02]	.98 [.91, 1.04]	.99 [.97, 1.01]
	Between	1.03 [.98, 1.08]	1.06 [1.02, 1.09]	1.09 [1.04, 1.13]	1.04 [1.01, 1.07]

All models were estimated controlling for linear change in likelihood of substance use and substance use problems over time, age at baseline, sexual identity, gender identity, and race/ethnicity.

coefficient for hurdle portion of model (likelihood of using substance);

coefficient for count portion of model (count of substance use problems). Significant associations are in bold.