Fig. 3.

Screenshots taken during the directional-approach task. (Upper row) Encoding phase: (a) Participants initiate translation at the beginning of the encoding phase. (b) Screenshot taken during passive transportation toward the intersection. (c) Final position during the encoding phase. Participants then initiate the test phase. (Lower row) Screenshots taken at the end of the translation in the test phase, when approaching the intersection from the west (d), north (e), and east (f)