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. 2020 Apr 10;10:6232. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63008-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Biofilm morphologies of the four mutants of interest. Biofilms formed after 48 hrs for ΔrbdA, Δpa2072, ΔfimX, and ΔdipA, compared with PAO1 WT. (A) Confocal laser scanning micrographs at 63× magnification (scale bar 50 μm); live cells are stained with SYTO-9 (green); dead cells are stained with propidium iodide (red). (B) Quantification of microcolony size. (C) Quantification of biofilm biomass. (D) Quantification of surface coverage. For data shown in B-D, the Welch’s T-test was used to determine significances, where ***denotes a confidence level of p < 0.01. Data acquired from 3 independent experiments.