Table 1.

Demographics and characteristics of the study subjects.

	Non-Diabetes (n = 137)	Diabetes (n = 101)	p-value
Age	43.00 (31.00–53.00)	54.00 (49.00–57.00)	<0.001
Gender (Male)	52 (38.0%)	54 (53.47%)	<0.05
BMI	28.70 (24.56–33.08)	32.47 (28.52–34.78)	<0.001
Waist/Hip Ratio	0.86 (0.80–0.92)	0.94 (0.89–1.00)	<0.001
TC (mmol/L)	5.16 (4.50–5.90)	4.80 (3.85–5.80)	<0.05
HDL (mmol/L)	1.33 (1.08–1.52)	1.09 (0.89–1.29)	<0.001
LDL (mmol/L)	3.30 (2.60–3.90)	2.90 (2.07–3.90)	<0.05
TGL (mmol/L)	0.92 (0.63–1.42)	1.38 (1.06–1.90)	<0.001
FPG (mmol/L)	5.10 (4.80–5.60)	6.95 (6.00–9.38)	<0.001
HbA1c (DCCT %)	5.60 (5.30–5.90)	7.60 (6.40–8.80)	<0.001
Insulin (mIU/L)	10.23 (6.21–22.84)	16.75 (7.88–27.24)	0.08
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	4.46 (2.70–6.82)	3.02 (1.91–4.83)	<0.001
Leptin (ng/mL)	6.98 (3.85–10.17)	6.35 (4.34–10.29)	0.89
PAI-1 (ng/mL)	13.67 (11.17–18.38)	15.12 (12.81–18.65)	0.10
IL-6 (pg/mL)	16.56 (13.62–20.12)	17.22 (14.92–20.98)	0.30
TNF alpha (pg/mL)	123.45 (103.15–153.18)	128.09 (108.70–159.69)	0.46
hsCRP(μg/mL)	1.89 (0.76–4.43)	2.53 (1.24–6.65)	<0.01
Hypertension	16 (11.7%)	57 (56.4%)	<0.001
Hyperlipidemia	13 (9.5%)	34 (33.7%)	<0.001

Median (IQR) presented for continuous variables and N (%) presented for categorical variables. P values were calculated using Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables. BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high sensitivity c-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; TGL, triglycerides; TNF alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha.