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. 2020 Apr 10;10:6225. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63425-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of the metal ion and different ligands on the dual regulatory roles of ATP on the αγ heterodimer. (a) Effect of Mn²⁺ on the dual regulatory roles of ATP. (b) Effect of Mg²⁺ on the dual regulatory roles of ATP. (c) Effect of the substrate ICT on the dual regulatory roles of ATP. (d) Effect of the cofactor NAD on the dual regulatory roles of ATP. (e) Effect of the inhibitor NADH on the dual regulatory roles of ATP. (f) Effect of the activator CIT on the dual regulatory roles of ATP. (g) Effect of the activator ADP on the dual regulatory roles of ATP. (h) Effect of the activators CIT and ADP on the dual regulatory roles of ATP. The activities were measured at the standard conditions with varied concentrations of ATP in the absence and presence of different concentrations of the metal ion or ligand(s). The regulatory effect of ATP is presented as the ratio (V/V_ab) of the enzymatic activity in the presence of ATP (and regulators) (V) verse that in the absence of ATP and any regulators at the standard conditions (V_ab which is defined as 1). The values are the averages of two independent measurements with the standard errors.