Table 1.
Health- and cognition-related characteristics of the study cohort.
| Middle-aged | Old | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Statin | Control | Statin | |
| Assessment 1 | ||||
| N | 200,238 | 34,602 | 45,493 | 20,512 |
| Age, years | 54.2 (6.9) | 58.4 (5.2)*** | 66.9 (1.5) | 67.0 (1.5)*** |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.2 (4.8) | 29.5 (5.1)*** | 27.2 (4.3) | 28.7 (4.3)*** |
| Physical activity, days/week | 3.5 (2.3) | 3.4 (2.3)*** | 4.0 (2.3) | 3.8 (2.3)*** |
| Sleep duration, hours | 7.1 (1.1) | 7.2 (1.2)*** | 7.3 (1.1) | 7.4 (1.2)*** |
| Sex, men | 0.371 | 0.613** | 0.414 | 0.610** |
| Education, degree | 0.336 | 0.271** | 0.229 | 0.197** |
| Diabetes | 0.019 | 0.221** | 0.032 | 0.188** |
| Heart attack | 0.005 | 0.105** | 0.014 | 0.132** |
| Angina | 0.008 | 0.132** | 0.024 | 0.179** |
| Hypertension | 0.234 | 0.598** | 0.356 | 0.624** |
| Cholesterol medication | 0.026 | 1.000** | 0.068 | 1.000** |
| Hypertension medication | 0.159 | 0.593** | 0.298 | 0.343** |
| Insulin | 0.004 | 0.049** | 0.006 | 0.032** |
| Alcohol intake, score | 3.115 | 3.098*** | 3.072 | 3.084*** |
| Smoking status, current | 0.105 | 0.119** | 0.067 | 0.081** |
| Smoking status, ever | 0.336 | 0.427** | 0.422 | 0.501** |
| Assessment 2 | ||||
| N | 4,657 | 1,119 | 2,978 | 1,860 |
| Age, years | 56.8 (5.6) | 59.6 (4.4)*** | 68.4 (2.7) | 68.8 (2.8)*** |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.7 (4.8) | 29.2 (5.1)*** | 26.5 (4.3) | 28.4 (4.3)*** |
| Physical activity, days/week | 3.5 (2.3) | 3.4 (2.3) | 3.4 (2.3) | 3.6 (2.3)** |
| Sleep duration, hours | 7.2 (1.0) | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.3 (1.1) | 7.4 (1.1)** |
| Sex, men | 0.347 | 0.611** | 0.410 | 0.678** |
| Education, degree | 0.490 | 0.409** | 0.368 | 0.344 |
| Diabetes | 0.022 | 0.229** | 0.036 | 0.178** |
| Heart attack | 0.002 | 0.082** | 0.007 | 0.113** |
| Angina | 0.004 | 0.097** | 0.013 | 0.128** |
| Hypertension | 0.227 | 0.585** | 0.333 | 0.596** |
| Cholesterol medication | 0.015 | 1.000** | 0.034 | 1.000** |
| Hypertension medication | 0.163 | 0.564** | 0.285 | 0.636** |
| Insulin | 0.004 | 0.052** | 0.004 | 0.023** |
| Alcohol intake, score | 3.049 | 3.110*** | 3.139 | 3.242*** |
| Smoking status, current | 0.040 | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.038 |
| Smoking status, ever | 0.323 | 0.386** | 0.410 | 0.479** |
| Assessment 3 | ||||
| N | 595 | 163 | 504 | 324 |
| Age, years | 57.1 (5.2) | 60.2 (4.1)** | 69.1 (3.1) | 70.2 (3.4)** |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.6 (4.8) | 29.0 (5.7)** | 26.1 (4.2) | 27.5 (4.0)** |
| Physical activity, days/week | 3.5 (2.2) | 3.5 (2.2) | 4.1 (2.1) | 4.0 (2.2) |
| Sleep duration, hours | 7.1 (1.0) | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.4 (1.0)** |
| Sex, men | 0.324 | 0.576** | 0.414 | 0.680** |
| Education, degree | 0.548 | 0.472 | 0.437 | 0.448 |
| Diabetes | 0.026 | 0.213** | 0.039 | 0.159** |
| Heart attack | 0.002 | 0.061** | 0.006 | 0.104** |
| Angina | 0 | 0.061** | 0.004 | 0.104** |
| Hypertension | 0.255 | 0.491** | 0.313 | 0.557** |
| Cholesterol medication | 0.010 | 1.000** | 0.022 | 1.000** |
| Hypertension medication | 0.209 | 0.479** | 0.301 | 0.590** |
| Insulin | 0.005 | 0.060** | 0.003 | 0.018 |
| Alcohol intake, score | 2.905 | 3.121 | 3.217 | 3.172 |
| Smoking status, current | 0.035 | 0.055 | 0.010 | 0.028 |
| Smoking status, ever | 0.325 | 0.370 | 0.427 | 0.449 |
The table lists the health- and cognition-related parameters of controls (no statin use at the respective assessment) and statin users (statin use at the respective assessment) for each assessment (1–3) and the two age groups analysed (middle-aged: up to 65 years, and old: over 65 years). The values refer to mean and standard deviation (in parentheses) for physiological parameters, and proportions for frequencies and incidences. N = number of subjects. Physiological parameters between statin users and controls within an age group have been analysed using multiple t-tests and multiple comparison correction (*P < 0.013, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001), frequencies and incidences were compared using the Fisher’s exact test and multiple comparison adjustment (*P < 0.005, **P < 0.001) and the alcohol intake scores were compared using the Chi-square test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).