Table 4.
Effect of statin use and age on cognition.
| Reaction time (n = 291.947) | CE | SE | CI 95% | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statin users vs controls | −4.330 | 1.327 | −6.931, −1.730 | =0.001** |
| Assessment 1: all ages, statin users vs controls | −4.237 | 1.454 | −7.087, −1.387 | =0.004** |
| Assessment 2: all ages, statin users vs controls | −7.337 | 2.747 | −12.722, −1.952 | =0.008** |
| Assessment 3: all ages, statin users vs controls | −15.001 | 5.839 | −26.446, −3.557 | =0.010* |
| Assessment 1: middle-aged, statin users vs controls | 2.010 | 1.466 | −0.863, 4.883 | =0.170 |
| Assessment 2: middle-aged, statin users vs controls | 4.950 | 3.822 | −2.542, 12.441 | =0.195 |
| Assessment 3: middle-aged, statin users vs controls | −2.960 | 8.886 | −20.376, 14.456 | =0.739 |
| Assessment 1: old, statin users vs controls | −15.904 | 1.716 | −19.268, −12.540 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 2: old, statin users vs controls | −16.384 | 3.725 | −23.685, −9.083 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 3: old, statin users vs controls | −15.466 | 7.751 | −30.658, −0.275 | =0.046 |
| Working memory (n = 289.091) | CE | SE | CI 95% | P |
| Statin users vs controls | 0.065 | 0.017 | 0.031, 0.099 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 1: all ages, statin users vs controls | 0.080 | 0.018 | 0.046, 0.115 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 2: all ages, statin users vs controls | 0.018 | 0.068 | −0.116, 0.152 | =0.794 |
| Assessment 3: all ages, statin users vs controls | −0.085 | 0.157 | −0.393, 0.224 | =0.591 |
| Assessment 1: middle-aged, statin users vs controls | 0.132 | 0.018 | 0.096, 0.168 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 2: middle-aged, statin users vs controls | 0.164 | 0.091 | −0.015, 0.342 | =0.072 |
| Assessment 3: middle-aged, statin users vs controls | 0.145 | 0.229 | −0.305, 0.594 | =0.528 |
| Assessment 1: old, statin users vs controls | −0.040 | 0.029 | −0.970, 0.017 | =0.172 |
| Assessment 2: old, statin users vs controls | 0.031 | 0.088 | −0.141, 0.203 | =0.722 |
| Assessment 3: old, statin users vs controls | −0.061 | 0.196 | −0.445, 0.323 | =0.756 |
| Fluid intelligence (n = 101.436) | CE | SE | CI 95% | P |
| Statin users vs controls | 0.217 | 0.040 | 0.139, 0.294 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 1: all ages, statin users vs controls | 0.173 | 0.040 | 0.094, 0.251 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 2: all ages, statin users vs controls | 0.188 | 0.057 | 0.077, 0.299 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 3: all ages, statin users vs controls | 0.241 | 0.110 | 0.026, 0.456 | =0.028 |
| Assessment 1: middle-aged, statin users vs controls | 0.198 | 0.043 | 0.114, 0.282 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 2: middle-aged, statin users vs controls | 0.312 | 0.077 | 0.160, 0.463 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 3: middle-aged, statin users vs controls | 0.304 | 0.167 | −0.023, 0.630 | =0.069 |
| Assessment 1: old, statin users vs controls | 0.142 | 0.944 | 0.056, 0.229 | <0.001*** |
| Assessment 2: old, statin users vs controls | 0.101 | 0.068 | −0.033, 0.235 | =0.141 |
| Assessment 3: old, statin users vs controls | 0.259 | 0.142 | −0.019, 0.538 | =0.068 |
Statistical test results from the analysis of performance of controls and statin users in the three cognitive tests measuring reaction time (card game “Snap”), working memory (“Pairs matching test”) and reasoning abilities (“Fluid intelligence test”), adjusted for covariates (reaction time: sex, age, education, physical activity, sleep duration, alcohol intake, smoking status, angina, hypertension, cholesterol-lowering and anti-hypertension medication; working memory: sex, age, education, BMI, physical activity and hypertension; fluid intelligence: sex, age, education, physical activity, sleep duration, alcohol intake, heart attack, angina and cholesterol-lowering medication). Mixed effects models and correction for multiple comparisons have been applied. CE = contrast estimate, SE = standard error, CI 95% = 95% confidence interval (min and max). *P < 0.017, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.