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. 2020 Apr 10;10:6243. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63227-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In a jet-lag condition a scheduled piece of chocolate for breakfast accelerates re-entrainment to a new light-dark cycle. (A) Experimental design for jet-lag, due to a sudden 6 h phase advance (6PA) without receiving chocolate (JL), or combined with chocolate access to the onset of the previous night (CH-P) or to the new night (CH-N). Days of re-entrainment for the JL group, (B) as seen with a representative actogram, (C) the map of acrophases for general activity and (D) the map of acrophases for body temperature. Days of re-entrainment for the CH-P group, (E) as seen with a representative actogram, (F) the map of acrophases for general activity and (G) the map of acrophases for body temperature. Chocolate time is indicated with a red line in the actogram. Days of re-entrainment for the CH-N group, H) as seen with a representative actogram, (I) the map of acrophases for general activity and (J) the map of acrophases for body temperature. Chocolate time is indicated with a blue line in the actogram. The dotted vertical line in the maps of acrophases indicates the new projected acrophase after the 6PA. Horizontal white and black bars over the X-axis and over the actograms indicate the 12 h day and 12 h night cycle. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (N = 8/group). The difference with the expected new acrophase was estimated with a one-way ANOVA for repeated measures followed by a Dunnett´s post hoc test P < 0.05.