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. 2020 Apr 10;10:6243. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63227-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Chocolate for breakfast in jet-lag animals restored the day-night c-Fos expression in the SCN. (A) Representative microphotographs of c-Fos in the SCN in two time points, one hour after light onset (ZT1) and one hour after lights off (ZT13) for control rats without experimental manipulations (CNT), for jet- lag rats without chocolate (JL), jet-lag rats that received chocolate coupled to the previous night (CH-P) or jet-lag rats that received chocolate coupled with the new night (CH-N). (B) Number of c-Fos positive cells in the dorsomedial SCN and (C) in the ventrolateral SCN at ZT1 (empty bars) and at ZT13 (filled bars). Data are expressed as the mean + SEM (N = 5–6/group). The Tuckey post hoc test indicated statistical difference * day vs night, & difference from CNT (P < 0.05).