Fig. 3.
Reduction of metastatic phenotypes by capping or decreasing high-mannose glycans on metastatic CCA cells. (A) The extent to which a scratch wound was closed by untreated or ConA-capped cells over time. (Scale bars, 100 μm.) (B) Percentage of closure is presented as a measure that is relative to the distance of the wound at t = 0. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 3); *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. (C–F) Enumerated ConA/AvFc-capped cells that passed through an uncoated (migration) or Matrigel-coated (invasion) microporous polycarbonate membrane compared with respect to native cells. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 3); *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. (G) Quantitative RT-PCR assessment of the increased expression of MAN1A1 in MAN1A1-transfected KKU-213AL5 cells (hMAN1A1-KKU-213AL5) compared to the PBN-transfected control (PBN-KKU-213AL5). Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). (H) Volume of tumors formed as a function of time after s.c. injection of PBN- and hMAN1A1-KKU-213AL5 into NSG mice. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 5).