Table 3.
Hazard models explaining the timing of barriers
| Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democracy | 1.01 (0.03) | 1.08 (0.04) | 1.05 (0.05) | 1.05 (0.03) |
| Health Infrastructure | 0.52 (0.46) | 0.64 (0.42) | 0.51 (0.50) | 0.59 (0.49) |
| Democracy x Health Infrastructure | 0.84** (0.06) | 0.86** (0.06) | 0.91* (0.05) | |
| Rule of Law | 0.44** (0.26) | 0.40** (0.28) | 0.27*** (0.37) | 0.30*** (0.34) |
| In(GDP Per Capita) | 1.25 (0.17) | 1.40† (0.18) | 1.73† (0.30) | 1.38 (0.25) |
| In(GDP) | 1.32** (0.10) | 1.45*** (0.11) | 1.35† (0.17) | 1.19 (0.16) |
| In(Military Spending) | 1.36 (0.35) | 1.20 (0.27) | ||
| In(Trade Exposure) | 1.46 (0.46) | 2.41* (0.35) | ||
| WTO | 1.96 (0.55) | 0.86 (0.44) | ||
| In(US Trade Dependence) | 0.93 (0.15) | 1.04 (0.13) | ||
| In(US Military Aid) | 1.03 (0.04) | 1.04 (0.05) | ||
| In(US Economic Aid) | 1.10 (0.07) | 1.03 (0.08) | ||
| In(Pork Imports) | 1.17 (0.10) | 1.06 (0.06) | ||
| Air Traffic | 2.65† (0.60) | 1.80 (0.42) | ||
| SARS | 1.89 (0.62) | 1.79 (0.51) | ||
| Region Barriers | 0.56 (2.67) | |||
| Region Disease | 0.37 (3.85) | |||
| N | 190 | 190 | 190 | 5880 |
Standard errors in parentheses; in Model 7, standard errors are clustered by country
† significant at p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001