Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of Patients With COVID-19.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 214) | Severe (n = 88) | Nonsevere (n = 126) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 52.7 (15.5) | 58.2 (15.0) | 48.9 (14.7) | |
| Age, y | ||||
| <50 | 90 (42.1) | 24 (27.3) | 66 (52.4) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 124 (57.9) | 64 (72.7) | 60 (47.6) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 127 (59.3) | 44 (50.0) | 83 (65.9) | .02 |
| Male | 87 (40.7) | 44 (50.0) | 43 (34.1) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Any | 83 (38.8) | 42 (47.7) | 41 (32.5) | .03 |
| Hypertension | 51 (23.8) | 32 (36.4) | 19 (15.1) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 30 (14.0) | 15 (17.0) | 15 (11.9) | .29 |
| Cardiac or cerebrovascular disease | 15 (7.0) | 7 (8.0) | 8 (6.3) | .65 |
| Malignancy | 13 (6.1) | 5 (5.7) | 8 (6.3) | .84 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (2.8) | 2 (2.3) | 4 (3.2) | .69 |
| Typical symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 132 (61.7) | 40 (45.5) | 92 (73.0) | <.001 |
| Cough | 107 (50.0) | 30 (34.1) | 77 (61.1) | <.001 |
| Anorexia | 68 (31.8) | 21 (23.9) | 47 (37.3) | .04 |
| Diarrhea | 41 (19.2) | 13 (14.8) | 28 (22.2) | .17 |
| Throat pain | 31 (14.5) | 10 (11.4) | 21 (16.7) | .28 |
| Abdominal pain | 10 (4.7) | 6 (6.8) | 4 (3.2) | .21 |
| Nervous system symptoms | ||||
| Any | 78 (36.4) | 40 (45.5) | 38 (30.2) | .02 |
| CNS | 53 (24.8) | 27 (30.7) | 26 (20.6) | .09 |
| Dizziness | 36 (16.8) | 17 (19.3) | 19 (15.1) | .42 |
| Headache | 28 (13.1) | 15 (17.0) | 13 (10.3) | .15 |
| Impaired consciousness | 16 (7.5) | 13 (14.8) | 3 (2.4) | <.001 |
| Acute cerebrovascular disease | 6 (2.8) | 5 (5.7) | 1 (0.8) | .03 |
| Ataxia | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.1) | 0 | NA |
| Seizure | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.1) | 0 | NA |
| PNS | 19 (8.9) | 7 (8.0) | 12 (9.5) | .69 |
| Impairment | ||||
| Taste | 12 (5.6) | 3 (3.4) | 9 (7.1) | .24 |
| Smell | 11 (5.1) | 3 (3.4) | 8 (6.3) | .34 |
| Vision | 3 (1.4) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (0.8) | .37 |
| Nerve pain | 5 (2.3) | 4 (4.5) | 1 (0.8) | .07 |
| Skeletal muscle injury | 23 (10.7) | 17 (19.3) | 6 (4.8) | <.001 |
| Onset of symptoms to hospital admission, median (range), d | ||||
| CNS | ||||
| Dizziness | 1 (1-30) | 1 (1-30) | 1 (1-14) | NA |
| Headache | 1 (1-14) | 1 (1-3) | 3 (1-14) | NA |
| Impaired consciousness | 8 (1-25) | 10 (1-25) | 1 (1-3) | NA |
| Acute cerebrovascular disease | 9 (1-18) | 10 (1-18) | 1 (1) | NA |
| Ataxia | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | NA | NA |
| Seizure | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | NA | NA |
| PNS | ||||
| Impairment | ||||
| Taste | 2 (1-5) | 3 (1-3) | 2 (1-5) | NA |
| Smell | 2 (1-5) | 1 (1-4) | 2 (1-5) | NA |
| Vision | 2 (1-3) | 3 (2-3) | 1 (1) | NA |
| Nerve pain | 1 (1-1) | 1 (1-1) | 1 (1) | NA |
| Skeletal muscle injury | 1 (1-11) | 1 (1-11) | 1 (1-6) | NA |
Abbreviations: CNS, central nervous system; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NA, not applicable; PNS, peripheral nervous system.
a
P values indicate differences between patients with severe and nonsevere infection, and P less than .05 was considered statistically significant.