Table 19.1.
Comparison of NHP: Selected Species-Specific Differences
| Cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) | Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) | Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size (cm), range | 44-53 | 47-53 | 18.5-18.8 |
| Weight (kg), range | 4.1-7.0 | 5.3-7.7 | 0.24-0.26 |
| Blood volume (mL/kg) | 65 | 55 | 70 |
| Respiration rate (breaths/ min), mean ± SD | 36 ± 13 | 51 ± 15 | 101 ± 14 |
| Tidal volume (mL) | 46 ± 6 | 39 ± 11 | 0.98 ± 0.1 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 123 ± 30 | 174 ± 27 | 400 ± 45 |
| PT (s) | 12.1 ± 1.1 | 14.5 ± 0.9 | 6.7 ± 0.5 |
| Gamma GT (U/L; male) | 70.5 ± 16 | 76.5 ± 16.7 | 5.1 ± 4.3 |
| ALT (U/L; male) | 55.3 ± 30.9 | 59 ± 22.4 | 3 ± 2.4 |
| Reproductive physiology | Like human physiology | Like human seasonality | Different from human (males and females) |
| Sexual maturity | Females: 2.5-3 years Males: > 4 yearsa |
Females: 3 years Males: > 4 yearsa |
17-20 months |
| Menstrual cycle (days) | 28 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 only 3-6 months per year | 24-30 days (polyestrous, up to 4) |
| Gestation duration (days) | 134-184 | 164 | 140-150 |
| Litter size (n) | 1 | 1 | 1-3 (usually twins) |
| Birth weight (g) | 320 | 480-520 | 25-35 |
| Interbirth interval (months) | 15 ± 5 | 14 | 6 |
| Reproductive toxicology | Well established | Well established | Partially established |
| Developmental toxicology | Well established | Well established | Partially established |
| Palate fusion (gestational days) | 45-50 | 45-50 | 75-80 |
ALT, alkaline phosphatase; gamma GT, gamma glutamyl transferase; PT, prothrombin time.
a
Males may not be able to reproduce until 6-8 years of age.