Skip to main content
. 2019 May 21;20(4):344–372. doi: 10.1093/isp/ekz005

Table 1.

Hazard models explaining days to outbreak report

Surveillance Costs Full IHR
(1) (2) (3) (4)
ln(Health Exp.) 0.874 0.787 0.984 0.926
(0.135) (0.157) (0.242) (0.231)
ln(Internet) 1.073*** 1.092* 1.063 1.093*
(0.027) (0.045) (0.053) (0.047)
ln(Trade Exposure) 0.812** 0.765** 0.775**
(0.094) (0.116) (0.115)
Domestic Opposition 0.753*** 0.840*** 0.808***
(0.110) (0.058) (0.077)
IHR 0.812 0.850 0.841 1.056
(0.127) (0.152) (0.194) (0.189)
Outbreak Year 1.009 0.999 1.011 0.996
(0.017) (0.028) (0.036) (0.033)
ln(Agriculture) 0.607*** 0.650***
(0.136) (0.108)
ln(Travel and Tourism) 1.934*** 1.876***
(0.196) (0.202)
Rule of Law 0.812** 0.730***
(0.085) (0.101)
Democracy 0.996 1.002
(0.016) (0.014)
ln(GDP per capita) 0.731*** 0.747***
(0.105) (0.097)
IHR x Rule of Law 1.306**
(0.109)
Observations 298 252 207 207

Note: *p 0.1; **p 0.05; ***p 0.01. Robust standard errors clustered by WHO region in parentheses.