Table I.

Neurotropic MHV strains

MHV strain	Pathogenesis	Tropism	Spike/spread	References
JHM.SD (MHV-4)	Highly lethal; severe encephalitis	Neurons, glial cells	Gly310; Leu1114; CEACAM1-independent spread	Dalziel et al. (1986)
V5A13.1 (mAb escape mutant of JHM.SD)	Neuroattenuated; spreads more slowly in CNS	Neurons, glial cells	HVR deletion (142 aa)	Fazakerley et al. (1992)
OBLV60 (variant of JHM.SD isolated from persistently infected OBL21A cells)	Neuroattenuated	Olfactory bulb neurons	L1114R; CEACAM1-dependent spread	Gallagher et al., 1991, Pearce et al., 1994
JHM-DL	Highly lethal	Neurons, glial cells	Leu1114	Stohlman et al., 1982, Wang et al., 1992
2.2-V-1 (mAb escape mutant of JHM-DL)	Neuroattenuated; subacute demyelination	Glial cells, primarily oligodendrocytes	L1114F; CEACAM1-dependent spread	Fleming et al., 1986, Wang et al., 1992
JHM cl-2	Highly lethal	Neurons, glial cells	Gly310; Leu1114; CEACAM1-independent spread	Taguchi et al. (1985)
srr7 (soluble receptor-resistant mutant of JHM cl-2)	Neuroattenuated	Macrophages/microglia (in vitro)	L1114F; CEACAM1-dependent spread	Matsuyama et al., 2001, Nakagaki et al., 2005
JHM.IA	Highly lethal, but less than JHM.SD	Neurons, glial cells	S310; Leu1114; CEACAM1-dependent spread	Ontiveros et al. (2003)
rJHM.IA.S310G (mutant of JHM.IA)	Highly lethal; more than JHM.IA	Neurons, glial cells	S310G; CEACAM1-independent spread	Ontiveros et al. (2003)
JHM. WU (MHV Wb3)	Highly neurovirulent, highly hepatotropic	Not determined	CEACAM1-dependent; HVR deletion (140 aa)	Schwarz et al., 1990, Zhao et al., 2011
A59	Neuroattenuated; mild encephalitis; subacute demyelination; hepatitis	Neurons, glial cells	HVR deletion (52 aa); CEACAM1-dependent spread	Lavi et al., 1984a, Lavi et al., 1984b, Phillips et al., 2002