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Hierarchical Model of T-Cell Exhaustion During Persistent Viral Infection.
T-cell function (cytokine production, killing, and proliferative potential) is negatively influenced by increasing levels of antigen. Low levels of persistent antigen may lead to partial loss of function and intermediate levels of programmed death (PD)-1 expression. High, sustained levels of antigen over time can lead to full loss of function, high levels of PD-1, and eventually cell death (deletion).
