TABLE 25.2.
Sensors of Viral Infection
| Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) | |
| TLR3 | dsRNA, MCMV, VSV, LCMV, HSV, EBV |
| TLR7 and TLR8 | ssRNA, Influenza virus, HIV, VSV |
| TLR9 | dsDNA, HSV, MCMV |
| TLR2 | MV hemagglutinin protein, HSV, HCMV |
| TLR4 | MMTV envelope protein, RSV |
| RIG-I-Like Helicases (RLHs) | |
| RIG-I | Influenza virus, VSV, HCV, JEV, MV, RSV, Sendai virus, EBV |
| MDA-5 | Poly(I:C), MV, Sendai virus, VSV, MCMV, Picornaviruses |
| NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs) | |
| NLRP3 | Influenza virus, Sendai virus, Adenovirus, Vaccinia virus |
| NOD2 | Influenza virus, VSV, RSV |
| Other sensors | |
| AIM2 | Vaccinia virus, MCMV |
| ZBP1 (DAI) | Cytosolic dsDNA, HSV |
| IFI16 | Cytosolic dsDNA, HSV |
| cGAS | Cytosolic dsDNA, HSV |
AIM2, absent in melanoma-2; IFI16, Gamma-interferon-inducible protein Ifi-16; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase; ZBP1, Z-DNA-binding protein 1; DAI, DNA-dependent activator of IFN; dsRNA, double-strand RNA; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; HCMV, human cytomegalovirus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus 1/2; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; MCMV, murine cytomegalovirus; MDA-5, melanoma differentiation-associated gene; MMTV, mouse mammary tumor virus; MV, measles virus; NLR, NOD-like receptor; RLH, RIG-I-like helicase; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; ssRNA, single-strand RNA; TLR, Toll-like receptor; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus.