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. 2009 Jan 30:538–561. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-369420-1.00048-2

TABLE 48.3.

A selection of DNA immobilization techniques on microarrays/chips (see Striebel et al., 2003)

Immobilization Examples
Non-covalent complexation Biotin-avidine/streptavidine
Self assembled monolayer Alkanethioles, mercapto- or epoxysilane-compounds
Inclusion/crosslinking NH2-dextrane matrix, aminoethylcellulose, polyacrylamide
Polymerization Co-polymerization of pyrrole and oligo-nucleotides with pyrrole residue at 5′-ends, pyrimidine pyrimidine-dimers, vinylsubstituted nucleotides
Silanization by bifunctional reagents Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (aminofunction with succinic anhydride convertible into carboxic acid function), 3-mercaptopropyl-triethoxysilane (disulfide bridge/thioether), glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, p-amino-phenyltrimethoxysilane (ATMS)/diazotation chemistry and unmodified oligonucleotides
Covalently by linkerphotoactivated crosslinking 3′-Hydroxyfunction, 5′phosphate residue, bromcyan, cyanurchloride, carboxylfunction, aldehyde, primary amine, DNA coupling by thymidines, DNA coupling via alkylamines, photolinkage (i.e., psoralen, p-nitrophenyl-3-diazopyruvate)