Table 1.
Zoonotic Viruses that Have Caused Human Illness in the Recent Past
| Virus | Human Disease | Animal Reservoir | Person-to-Person Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|
| H1N1 influenza virus (type A influenza viruses) | Influenza | Wild and domestic birds; pigs | Yes Pandemic |
| H5N1, H7N9 influenza viruses (type A influenza viruses) | Fatal influenza | Wild and domestic birds | No |
| HIV (lentivirus) | AIDS | Chimpanzees | Yes Pandemic |
| SARS coronavirus (coronavirus) | Severe acute respiratory syndrome | Bats? other wild animals? | Yes Aborted pandemic |
| Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (coronavirus) | Severe acute respiratory syndrome | Bats (primary reservoir)? Camels (intermediate host)? | Possible |
| Sin nombre virus (bunyavirus) | Severe acute respiratory disease | White-footed mice | No |
| Ebola virus (filovirus) | Hemorrhagic fever | Bats? pigs? nonhuman primates? | Yes Pandemic |
| Marburg virus (filovirus) | Hemorrhagic fever | Bats? pigs? nonhuman primates? | Limited to a few passages |
| Nipah virus (paramyxovirus) | Encephalitis | Fruit bats; pigs | No |
| Hendra virus (paramyxovirus) | Encephalitis; pneumonia | Fruit bats; horses | No |
| West Nile virus (flavivirus) | Encephalitis | Wild birds | No |