Table 1.
Characteristics of the subjects
| Men (n = 358) | Women (n = 503) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | |||
| Age | 65.9 (9.7) | 66.0 (9.0) | 0.872 |
| Height (cm) | 163.9 (6.7) | 151.9 (5.8) | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 63.7 (10.0) | 51.4 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 (3.1) | 22.2 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
| Stiffness index | 86.6 (16.2) | 70.3 (14.6) | < 0.001 |
| SOS (m/sec) | 1546.1 (29.8) | 1525.8 (26.1) | < 0.001 |
| BUA (dB/MHz) | 110.7 (13.9) | 94.6 (13.4) | < 0.001 |
| ucOC (ng/mL) | 3.7 (3.1) | 5.5 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 37.2 (8.1) | 24.2 (5.7) | < 0.001 |
| Number (%) | |||
| Alcohol drinkinga | 21 (5.9) | 8 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoking | 61 (17.0) | 8 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
| Exercise | 96 (26.8) | 154 (30.6) | 0.226 |
| Menopause | - | 463 (92.1) | - |
BMI body mass index, SOS speed of sound, BUA broadband ultrasound attenuation, ucOC undercarboxylated osteocalcin
a ≥ 40 g/day in men, ≥20 g/day in women